{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:39:20Z","timestamp":1760150360294,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jack Brockhoff Foundation\u2019s Early Career Research Grant","award":["GNT1123030","GNT1139340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1123030","GNT1139340"]}]},{"name":"Victorian Government Operational Infrastructure Support Program","award":["GNT1123030","GNT1139340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1123030","GNT1139340"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Early Career Fellowship","award":["GNT1123030","GNT1139340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1123030","GNT1139340"]}]},{"name":"NHMRC Development Grant","award":["GNT1123030","GNT1139340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1123030","GNT1139340"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Palivizumab has been an approved preventative monoclonal antibody for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection for over two decades. However, due to its high cost and requirement for multiple intramuscular injections, its use has been limited mostly to high-income countries. Following our previous study showing the successful lung deposition of aerosolised palivizumab in lambs, this current study evaluated the \u201cproof-of-principle\u201d effect of aerosolised palivizumab delivered as a therapeutic to neonatal lambs following RSV infection. (2) Methods: Neonatal lambs were intranasally inoculated with RSV-A2 on day 0 (day 3 post-birth) and treated with aerosolised palivizumab 3 days later (day 3 post-inoculation). Clinical symptoms, RSV viral load and inflammatory response were measured post-inoculation. (3) Results: Aerosolised therapeutic delivery of palivizumab did not reduce RSV viral loads in the nasopharynx nor the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but resulted in a modest reduction in inflammatory response at day 6 post-inoculation compared with untreated lambs. (4) Conclusions: This proof-of-principle study shows some evidence of aerosolised palivizumab reducing RSV inflammation, but further studies using optimized protocols are needed in order to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15112276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:30:50Z","timestamp":1700440250000},"page":"2276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aerosol Delivery of Palivizumab in a Neonatal Lamb Model of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2139-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasindu S.","family":"Edirisinghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anushi E.","family":"Rajapaksa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon G.","family":"Royce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdy","family":"Sourial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Bischof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Melbourne 3806, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2150-7399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gulcan","family":"Sarila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cattram D.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Mulholland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lien Anh Ha","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul V.","family":"Licciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.03.017","article-title":"The journey to a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine","volume":"125","author":"Mejias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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