{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T12:27:09Z","timestamp":1766492829698,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003704","name":"KRICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KK2332-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK2332-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the primary contributor to severe liver ailments, encompassing conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Globally, 257 million people are affected by HBV annually and 887,000 deaths are attributed to it, representing a substantial health burden. Regrettably, none of the existing therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have achieved satisfactory clinical cure rates. This issue stems from the existence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which is difficult to eliminate from the nucleus of infected hepatocytes. HBV genetic material is composed of partially double-stranded DNA that forms complexes with viral polymerase inside an icosahedral capsid composed of a dimeric core protein. The HBV core protein, consisting of 183 to 185 amino acids, plays integral roles in multiple essential functions within the HBV replication process. In this review, we describe the effects of sulfamoyl-based carboxamide capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) on capsid assembly, which can suppress HBV replication and disrupt the production of new cccDNA. We present research on classical, first-generation sulfamoyl benzocarboxamide CAMs, elucidating their structural composition and antiviral efficacy. Additionally, we explore newly identified sulfamoyl-based CAMs, including sulfamoyl bicyclic carboxamides, sulfamoyl aromatic heterocyclic carboxamides, sulfamoyl aliphatic heterocyclic carboxamides, cyclic sulfonamides, and non-carboxamide sulfomoyl-based CAMs. We believe that certain molecules derived from sulfamoyl groups have the potential to be developed into essential components of a well-suited combination therapy, ultimately yielding superior clinical efficacy outcomes in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15122367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T07:44:42Z","timestamp":1701330282000},"page":"2367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Recent Advances in the Development of Sulfamoyl-Based Hepatitis B Virus Nucleocapsid Assembly Modulators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7433-445X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandesha","family":"Nayak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3348-8275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayaraj","family":"Gowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Azeem","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6797-2360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soo Bong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-2-64","article-title":"International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and the 3142 Unassigned Species","volume":"2","author":"Fauquet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i1.14","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Taxonomy and Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes","volume":"13","author":"Schaefer","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.20517\/2394-5079.2016.05","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis","volume":"2","author":"Lamontagne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatoma Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00549-4","article-title":"Immunobiology and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection","volume":"22","author":"Iannacone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2020.9.1.1","article-title":"Hepatitis B Vaccination and Immunotherapies: An Update","volume":"9","author":"Stasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Vaccine Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2020-044","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus: From Diagnosis to Treatment","volume":"69","author":"Guvenir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polish J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thibault, V., Laperche, S., Thiers, V., Sayon, S., Letort, M.J., Delarocque-Astagneau, E., and Antona, D. (2013). Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Hepatitis B Identified through the French Mandatory Notification System. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075267"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)64954-4","article-title":"What Is the Role of Testing for IgM Antibody to Core Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus?","volume":"63","author":"Lemon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.02.031","article-title":"Molecular Biology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection","volume":"479\u2013480","author":"Seeger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.061","article-title":"Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"142","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.03.69","article-title":"Alpha-Interferon Treatment in Hepatitis B","volume":"5","author":"Woo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2011.5.3.278","article-title":"Current Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr388","article-title":"Nucleoside\/Nucleotide Analogues in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B","volume":"66","author":"Fung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10833","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10833","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9 Cleavage of Viral DNA Efficiently Suppresses Hepatitis B Virus","volume":"5","author":"Ramanan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5390","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23525-w","article-title":"Direct Antiviral Properties of TLR Ligands against HBV Replication in Immune-Competent Hepatocytes","volume":"8","author":"Lucifora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00680-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00680-17","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulators, but Not Nucleoside Analogs, Inhibit the Production of Extracellular Pregenomic RNA and Spliced RNA Variants","volume":"61","author":"Lam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2018.10.010","article-title":"Inhibition of HBV Transcription From cccDNA with Nitazoxanide by Targeting the HBx\u2013DDB1 Interaction","volume":"7","author":"Sekiba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2018.10.013","article-title":"Disruption of HBx-DDB1 by NTZ: New Mechanistic Insight into an Old Drug With Broad Anti-Infective Activities","volume":"7","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2014.05.002","article-title":"Therapeutic Strategies for a Functional Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, J., and Liu, K. (2017). Complete and Incomplete Hepatitis B Virus Particles: Formation, Function, and Application. Viruses, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/v9030056"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.06.020","article-title":"Core Protein: A Pleiotropic Keystone in the HBV Lifecycle","volume":"121","author":"Zlotnick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077215","article-title":"Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Drug-Induced Depletion of Nucleocapsids","volume":"299","author":"Deres","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(00)00544-8","article-title":"Phenylpropenamide Derivatives as Inhibitors of Hepatitis B Virus Replication","volume":"10","author":"Perni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.12.3179","article-title":"Erratum: Inhibition of Human Hepatitis B Virus Replication by AT-61, a Phenylpropenamide Derivative, Alone and in Combination with (-)\u03b2-L-2\u2032,3\u2032- Dideoxy-3\u2032-Thiacytidine","volume":"42","author":"King","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(01)00216-9","article-title":"Inhibition of Human Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) by a Novel Non-Nucleosidic Compound in a Transgenic Mouse Model","volume":"54","author":"Weber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amblard, F., Boucle, S., Bassit, L., Chen, Z., Sari, O., Cox, B., Verma, K., Ozturk, T., Ollinger-Russell, O., and Schinazi, R.F. (2021). Discovery and Structure Activity Relationship of Glyoxamide Derivatives as Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 31.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2020.115952"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6931","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00582-13","article-title":"Sulfamoylbenzamide Derivatives Inhibit the Assembly of Hepatitis B Virus Nucleocapsids","volume":"87","author":"Campagna","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00082-18","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00082-18","article-title":"Preclinical Profile of AB-423, an Inhibitor of Hepatitis B Virus Pregenomic RNA Encapsidation","volume":"62","author":"Nagraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01734-18","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01734-18","article-title":"Preclinical Characterization of NVR 3-778, a First-in-Class Capsid Assembly Modulator against Hepatitis B Virus","volume":"63","author":"Lam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104925","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Biology and Life Cycle","volume":"182","author":"Tsukuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"122","article-title":"Role of Glycosaminoglycans for Binding and Infection of Hepatitis B Virus","volume":"10","author":"Leistner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21896","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Infection Initiates with a Large Surface Protein-Dependent Binding to Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans","volume":"46","author":"Schulze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28013","article-title":"A Targeted Functional RNA Interference Screen Uncovers Glypican 5 as an Entry Factor for Hepatitis B and D Viruses","volume":"63","author":"Verrier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00049","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00049","article-title":"Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide is a Functional Receptor for Human Hepatitis B and D Virus","volume":"1","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8487","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811064116","article-title":"Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is a Host-Entry Cofactor Triggering Hepatitis B Virus Internalization","volume":"116","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)49936-4","article-title":"The Machinery for Endocytosis of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Coordinates the Transport of Incoming Hepatitis B Virus to the Endosomal Network","volume":"295","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukano, K., Tsukuda, S., Oshima, M., Suzuki, R., Aizaki, H., Ohki, M., Park, S.Y., Muramatsu, M., Wakita, T., and Sureau, C. (2019). Troglitazone Impedes the Oligomerization of Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide and Entry of Hepatitis B Virus into Hepatocytes. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03257"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5465","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02303-05","article-title":"Lipid-Mediated Introduction of Hepatitis B Virus Capsids into Nonsusceptible Cells Allows Highly Efficient Replication and Facilitates the Study of Early Infection Events","volume":"80","author":"Rabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.145.1.45","article-title":"Phosphorylation-Dependent Binding of Hepatitis B Virus Core Particles to the Nuclear Pore Complex","volume":"145","author":"Kann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21850-9","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus cccDNA is Formed through Distinct Repair Processes of Each Strand","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02230-18","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02230-18","article-title":"Cellular DNA Topoisomerases are Required for the Synthesis of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA","volume":"93","author":"Sheraz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitamura, K., Que, L., Shimadu, M., Koura, M., Ishihara, Y., Wakae, K., Nakamura, T., Watashi, K., Wakita, T., and Muramatsu, M. (2018). Flap Endonuclease 1 is Involved in cccDNA Formation in the Hepatitis B Virus. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007124"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"E4244","article-title":"Involvement of the Host DNA-Repair Enzyme TDP2 in Formation of the Covalently Closed Circular DNA Persistence Reservoir of Hepatitis B Viruses","volume":"111","author":"Wingert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29479","article-title":"Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA: Implications for Epigenetic Therapy against Chronic Hepatitis B","volume":"66","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6507","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.11.6507-6512.1993","article-title":"Novel Mechanism for Reverse Transcription in Hepatitis B Viruses","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05420.x","article-title":"Hepadnaviral Assembly is Initiated by Polymerase Binding to the Encapsidation Signal in the Viral RNA Genome","volume":"11","author":"Bartenschlager","year":"1992","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5324","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.11.5324-5332.1990","article-title":"The P Gene Product of Hepatitis B Virus is Required as a Structural Component for Genomic RNA Encapsidation","volume":"64","author":"Bartenschlager","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1766","article-title":"Transcription of Hepatitis B Virus by RNA Polymerase II","volume":"3","author":"Rall","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i1.48","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Replication","volume":"13","author":"Beck","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, J. (2016). Hepatitis B Virus Virology and Replication, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22330-8_1"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(93)90136-F","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Replication","volume":"1","author":"Nassal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)80009-5","article-title":"The Crystal Structure of the Human Hepatitis B Virus Capsid","volume":"3","author":"Wynne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a021386","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021386","article-title":"Hepadnavirus Genome Replication and Persistence","volume":"5","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309809","article-title":"HBV cccDNA: Viral Persistence Reservoir and Key Obstacle for a Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B","volume":"64","author":"Nassal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.12.024","article-title":"Hepatitis B Viruses: Reverse Transcription a Different Way","volume":"134","author":"Nassal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10205","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704000104","article-title":"Involvement of Host Cellular Multivesicular Body Functions in Hepatitis B Virus Budding","volume":"104","author":"Watanabe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.08.012","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Genome Recycling and de Novo Secondary Infection Events Maintain Stable cccDNA Levels","volume":"69","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Rocquigny, H., Rat, V., Pastor, F., Darlix, J.L., Hourioux, C., and Roingeard, P. (2020). Phosphorylation of the Arginine-Rich C-Terminal Domains of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Core Protein as a Fine Regulator of the Interaction between HBc and Nucleic Acid. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12070738"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H.C., Huang, E.Y., Su, P.Y., Wu, S.Y., Yang, C.C., Lin, Y.S., Chang, W.C., and Shih, C. (2010). Nuclear Export and Import of Human Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Protein and Particles. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001162"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2020.04.026","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Domains Essential for Viral Capsid Assembly in a Cellular Context","volume":"432","author":"Rat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5830","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00394-16","article-title":"Cell-Free Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Dependent on the Core Protein C-Terminal Domain and Regulated by Phosphorylation","volume":"90","author":"Ludgate","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, K., Luckenbaugh, L., Ning, X., Xi, J., and Hu, J. (2018). Multiple Roles of Core Protein Linker in Hepatitis B Virus Replication. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007085"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42374","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42374","article-title":"Heteroaryldihydropyrimidine (HAP) and Sulfamoylbenzamide (SBA) Inhibit Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Different Molecular Mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.801","article-title":"BAY 41-4109 has Multiple Effects on Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly","volume":"19","author":"Stray","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Recognit."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.029","article-title":"Serum Hepatitis B Virus RNA is Encapsidated Pregenome RNA that may be Associated with Persistence of Viral Infection and Rebound","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2010.11.003","article-title":"Virus Assembly, Allostery and Antivirals","volume":"19","author":"Zlotnick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03014-12","article-title":"Genetically Altering the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly has Profound Effects on Virus Replication in Cell Culture","volume":"87","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11055","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00933-06","article-title":"Global Structural Changes in Hepatitis B Virus Capsids Induced by the Assembly Effector HAP1","volume":"80","author":"Bourne","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8138","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409732102","article-title":"A Heteroaryldihydropyrimidine Activates and can Misdirect Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly","volume":"102","author":"Stray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3994","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03058-15","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Capsids have Diverse Structural Responses to Small-Molecule Ligands Bound to the Heteroaryldihydropyrimidine Pocket","volume":"90","author":"Venkatakrishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1021\/cb100275b","article-title":"Trapping of Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Article Intermediates by Phenylpropenamide Assembly Accelerators","volume":"5","author":"Sarah","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10262","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01360-08","article-title":"Small-Molecule Effectors of Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Give Insight into Virus Life Cycle","volume":"82","author":"Bourne","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03545-14","article-title":"The Interface between Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Proteins Affects Self-Assembly, Pregenomic RNA Packaging, and Reverse Transcription","volume":"89","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01082-18","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01082-18","article-title":"Assembly Properties of Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Mutants Correlate with their Resistance to Assembly-Directed Antivirals","volume":"92","author":"Ruan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, F., Zhao, Q., Sheraz, M., Cheng, J., Qi, Y., Su, Q., Cuconati, A., Wei, L., Du, Y., and Li, W. (2017). HBV Core Protein Allosteric Modulators Differentially Alter cccDNA Biosynthesis from de Novo Infection and Intracellular Amplification Pathways. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006658"},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Li, H., Yan, L., Shi, Y., Lv, D., Shang, J., Bai, L., and Tang, H. (2020). Hepatitis Infection B Virus: Molecular Virology to Antiviral Drugs, Springer."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Mao, R., Yan, R., Cai, D., Zhang, Y., Zhu, H., Kang, Y., Liu, H., Wang, J., and Qin, Y. (2014). Transcription of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA is Regulated by CpG Methylation during Chronic Infection. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110442"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.06.021","article-title":"Advanced Preclinical Models for Evaluation of Drug-Induced Liver Injury\u2014Consensus Statement by the European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network","volume":"75","author":"Bagnaninchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.4.1005","article-title":"Production of Hepatitis B Virus Particles in Hep G2 Cells Transfected with Cloned Hepatitis B Virus DNA","volume":"84","author":"Sells","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15655","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.232137699","article-title":"Infection of a Human Hepatoma Cell Line by Hepatitis B Virus","volume":"99","author":"Gripon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.05.003","article-title":"Role of Hepatitis B Core Protein in HBV Transcription and Recruitment of Histone Acetyltransferases to cccDNA Minichromosome","volume":"144","author":"Chong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.07.014","article-title":"Early Inhibition of Hepatocyte Innate Responses by Hepatitis B Virus","volume":"63","author":"Luangsay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.10.018","article-title":"In Vitro Expansion of Primary Human Hepatocytes with Efficient Liver Repopulation Capacity","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.028","article-title":"Stage-Specific Regulation of the WNT\/\u03b2-Catenin Pathway Enhances Differentiation of HESCs into Hepatocytes","volume":"64","author":"Touboul","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.044","article-title":"HBV Bypasses the Innate Immune Response and does not Protect HCV from Antiviral Activity of Interferon","volume":"154","author":"Mutz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.02.021","article-title":"Hepatitis D Virus Replication is Sensed by MDA5 and Induces IFN-\u03b2\/\u03bb Responses in Hepatocytes","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.004861-0","article-title":"Persistence of the Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA in HepaRG Human Hepatocyte-like Cells","volume":"90","author":"Hantz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.07.004","article-title":"The Solute Carrier Family 10 (SLC10): Beyond Bile Acid Transport","volume":"34","author":"Polli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.8.1715","article-title":"Inducible Expression of Human Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Stably Transfected Hepatoblastoma Cells: A Novel System for Screening Potential Inhibitors of HBV Replication","volume":"41","author":"Ladner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, X., Guan, W., Sun, S., Li, B., Li, H., Kang, F., Kang, J., Yang, D., Nassal, M., and Sun, D. (2015). Stable Human Hepatoma Cell Lines for Efficient Regulated Expression of Nucleoside\/Nucleotide Analog Resistant and Vaccine Escape Hepatitis B Virus Variants and Woolly Monkey Hepatitis B Virus. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145746"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.04.010","article-title":"Efficient Long-Term Amplification of Hepatitis B Virus Isolates After Infection of Slow Proliferating HepG2-NTCP Cells","volume":"71","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_92","unstructured":"Guo, J.-T., Xu, X., and Block, T.M. (2013). Sulfamoylbenzamide Derivatives as Antiviral Agents Against HBV Infection. (2013006394A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"George, D.H., and Osvaldo, A.F. (2013). Hepatitis B Antiviral Agents. (2013096744A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_94","unstructured":"Last, S.J., Raboisson, P.J.-M.B., Rombouts, G., Vandyck, K., and Verschueren, W.G. (2014). Sulfamoyl-Arylamides and the Use Thereof as Medicaments for the Treatment of Hepatitis B. (2014033170A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6247","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00654","article-title":"Synthesis and Evaluation of N-Phenyl-3-Sulfamoyl-Benzamide Derivatives as Capsid Assembly Modulators Inhibiting Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)","volume":"61","author":"Vandyck","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","unstructured":"Baugh, S.D.P., Ye, H., Xu, X., and Guo, J.-T. (2014). Novel Antiviral Agents against HBV Infection. (2014106019A2), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_97","unstructured":"George, D.H., and Scott, K. (2015). Azepane Derivatives and Methods of Treating Hepatitis B Infections. (2015109130A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2019.05.029","article-title":"SAR Studies in the Sulfonyl Carboxamide Class of HBV Capsid Assembly Modulators","volume":"29","author":"Kuduk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.06.062","article-title":"Synthesis of Sulfamoylbenzamide Derivatives as HBV Capsid Assembly Effector","volume":"138","author":"Sari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_100","unstructured":"Cao, Q., Liu, L., Li, Y., and Luo, H. (2019). Sulfamide Aryl Formamide Derivative and Preparation Method Therefore and Uses Thereof. (2019206072A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_101","unstructured":"Ivachtchenko, A.V., Ivachtchenko, A.A., and Savchuk, N.F. (2019). Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Inhibitor. (2019\/017814 A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"Raffaele, D.F., Adolfo, P., and Pietro, R. (2020). Inhibitors of Hepatitis B Virus. (2020016427A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv, K., Wu, S., Li, W., Geng, Y., Wu, M., Zhou, J., Li, Y., Gao, Q., and Liu, M. (2020). Design, Synthesis and Anti-HBV Activity of NVR3-778 Derivatives. Bioorg. Chem., 94.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103363"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv, K., Li, W., Wu, S., Geng, Y., Wang, A., Yang, L., Huang, M., Chowdhury, K., Li, Y., and Liu, M. (2020). Amino Acid Prodrugs of NVR 3-778: Design, Synthesis and Anti-HBV Activity. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 30.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2020.127103"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.9b00550","article-title":"Discovery of a New Sulfonamide Hepatitis B Capsid Assembly Modulator","volume":"11","author":"Na","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.0c00606","article-title":"Sulfamoylbenzamide-Based Capsid Assembly Modulators for Selective Inhibition of Hepatitis B Viral Replication","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S., Ren, Y., Li, Q., Wang, Y., Jiang, X., Xu, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, S., Bradley, D.P., and Woodson, M.E. (2022). Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Sulfamoylbenzamide Derivatives as HBV Capsid Assembly Modulators. Bioorg. Chem., 129.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2022.106192"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiangkai, J., Xiangyi, J., Jiang, C.K., Yujie, R., Lide, H., Zhen, G., Dongwei, K.R.J., Zhang, X.S.Z., Zhao, K.W., and Xinyong, L.P.Z. (2022). Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Set of Carboxylic Acid and Phosphate Prodrugs Derived from HBV Capsid Protein Allosteric Modulator NVR 3-778. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185987"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5104","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.9b01010","article-title":"Heteroaryldihydropyrimidines Alter Capsid Assembly by Adjusting the Binding Affinity and Pattern of the Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"ref_110","unstructured":"Vandyck, K., Hache, G.Y.P., Last, S.J., and Raboisson, P.J.M.B. (2014). N-Phenyl-Carboxamide Derivatives and the Use Thereof as Medicaments for the Treatment of Hepatitis B. (2014161888A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_111","unstructured":"Hartman, G.D. (2014). Hepatitis B Antiviral Agents. (US20140275167A1), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_112","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Fan, G., Lu, C., Yang, S., and Wang, X. (2023). Substituted Pyrrolizines for the Treatment of Hepatitis B. (11591334B2), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_113","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Fan, G., Lu, C., Yang, S., and Wang, X. (2018). Bicyclic Nucleocapsid Inhibitor and Use of Same as Drug in Treatment of Hepatitis B. (WO2018202155A1), World Organization Patent."},{"key":"ref_114","unstructured":"Wang, Z., and Zeng, Z. (2019). Bi-heterocyclic Nucleocapsid Inhibitor and Pharmaceutical Use Thereof. (2019210879A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Wang, M., Li, C., Han, X., Xie, Y., Feng, K., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., and Jia, H. (2022). Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Dihydrobenzodioxine Derivatives as HBV Capsid Protein Inhibitors. Bioorg. Chem., 128.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2022.106052"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115141","article-title":"Synthesis and Evaluation of N-Sulfonylpiperidine-3-Carboxamide Derivatives as Capsid Assembly Modulators Inhibiting HBV in Vitro and in HBV-Transgenic Mice","volume":"249","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"Vandyck, K., Hache, G.Y.P., Last, S.J., and McGowan, D.C. (2014). Sulphamoylpyrrolamide Derivatives and the Use Thereof as Medicaments for the Treatment of Hepatitis B. (2014184350A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_118","unstructured":"Chen, A., Bravo, Y., Stock, N., and Pedram, B. (2016). Sulfide Alkyl and Pyridyl Reverse Sulfonamide Compounds for HBV Treatment. (2016089990A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_119","unstructured":"Qiu, Y.L., Li, W., Cao, H., and Jin, M. (2016). Hepatitis B Antiviral Agents. (2016183266A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_120","unstructured":"Yinsheng, Z., Wangwei, A., Hangzhou, S., and Yuan, L. (2019). Capsid Protein Assembly Inhibitor, and Pharmaceutical Composition and Use Thereof. (2019154343A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_121","unstructured":"Vendeville, S.M.R., Last, S.J., Demin, S.D., and Grosse, S.C. (2017). Cyclized Sulfamoylarylamide Derivatives and the Use Thereof as Medicaments for the Treatment of Hepatitis B. (2017001655A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_122","unstructured":"Cole, A.G., Dorsay, B.D., Kakarla, R., Kultgen, S., and Quintero, J. (2018). Substituted Dihydroindene-4-Carboxamides and Analogs Thereof, and Methods Using Same. (2018172852A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_123","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Wang, X., Fan, G., and Lu, C. (2018). Cyclothiourea Compound and Use Thereof. (2018133846A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_124","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Wang, X., Yang, S., and Zeng, Z. (2021). Endocyclic Thiamidinoamide-Arylamide Compound and Use Thereof for Treating Hepatitis B. (11168055B2), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_125","unstructured":"Walker, M., Li, L., and Simon, N. (2020). Cyclic Sulfamide Compounds for Treatment of HBV. (2020051319A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_126","unstructured":"Walker, M., Li, L., and Simon, N. (2020). Cyclic Sulfamide Compounds for Treatment of HBV. (2020051320A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_127","unstructured":"Beigelman, L., and Smith, D.S. (2020). Bicyclic Sulfonamides. (2020167984A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"Raffaele, D.F., Lorena, D., Luca, G., and Matteo, I. (2020). Cyclic Inhibitors of Hepatitis B Virus. (2020016434), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_129","unstructured":"Raffaele, D.F., Lorena, D., Luca, G., and Matteo, I. (2020). Tricyclic Inhibitors of Hepatitis B Virus. (2020030781A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_130","unstructured":"Raffaele, D.F., Lorena, D., Luca, G., and Matteo, I. (2020). Oxalamido-Substituted Tricyclic Inhibitors of Hepatitis B Virus. (2020234483A1), Patent WO."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6066","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00292","article-title":"Discovery of (1 H-Pyrazolo[3,4-c]Pyridin-5-Yl)Sulfonamide Analogues as Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulators by Conformation Constraint","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_132","unstructured":"ClinicalTrails.gov (2023, September 21). Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_133","unstructured":"Hepatitis B Foundation (2023, September 21). Available online: http:\/\/www.hepb.org\/treatment-and-management\/drug-watch\/."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, Y., Xia, H., He, Y., Zeng, S., Shen, Z., and Huang, W. (2023). The Progress of Molecules and Strategies for the Treatment of HBV Infection. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1128807"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H., Ko, C., Lee, J.Y., and Kim, M. (2021). Current Progress in the Development of Hepatitis b Virus Capsid Assembly Modulators: Chemical Structure, Mode-of-Action and Efficacy. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26247420"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.7b00144","article-title":"Discovery of Small Molecule Therapeutics for Treatment of Chronic HBV Infection","volume":"4","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2019.02.009","article-title":"Recent Advances in the Development of HBV Capsid Assembly Modulators","volume":"50","author":"Nijampatnam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.8b00337","article-title":"Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Using Small Molecule Modulators of Nucleocapsid Assembly: Recent Advances and Perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104917","article-title":"Targeting the Multifunctional HBV Core Protein as a Potential Cure for Chronic Hepatitis B","volume":"182","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.023","article-title":"Antiviral Activity, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Capsid Assembly Modulator NVR 3-778 in Patients with Chronic HBV Infection","volume":"156","author":"Yuen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.011","article-title":"NVR 3-778 Plus Pegylated Interferon-\u03b1 Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infections: Could 1 + 1 = 3?","volume":"154","author":"Tavis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0618-8278(19)30934-X","article-title":"HBcrAg Decline in JNJ-56136379-Treated Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: Results of a Phase 1 Study","volume":"70","author":"Lenz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.036","article-title":"JNJ-56136379, an HBV Capsid Assembly Modulator, is Well-Tolerated and has Antiviral Activity in a Phase 1 Study of Patients with Chronic Infection","volume":"159","author":"Zoulim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(20)30773-X","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety Results of the Phase 2 JNJ-56136379 JADE Study in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: Interim Week 24 Data","volume":"73","author":"Janssen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13596535221093856","DOI":"10.1177\/13596535221093856","article-title":"JNJ-73763989 Pharmacokinetics and Safety: Liver-Targeted SiRNAs against Hepatitis B Virus, in Japanese and Non-Japanese Healthy Adults, and Combined with JNJ-56136379 and a Nucleos(t)ide Analogue in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B","volume":"27","author":"Gane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antivir. Ther."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01463-20","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01463-20","article-title":"Preclinical Profile and Characterization of the Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Inhibitor ABI-H0731","volume":"64","author":"Qi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/12\/2367\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:34:58Z","timestamp":1760132098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/12\/2367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"references-count":146,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["v15122367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15122367","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]}}}