{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:32:12Z","timestamp":1792801932835,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundo Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["240"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Saude (INS)","award":["240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["240"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Emerging zoonotic diseases are an increasing threat to public health. There is little data on the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases among pastoralists in the country. We aim to carry out a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of major zoonotic diseases among pastoral communities in the Caia and B\u00fazi districts. Methods: Between January and December 2018, a questionnaire was used to solicit socio-demographic data from consenting pastoralists with the collection of blood samples in the Caia and B\u00fazi districts of the Sofala province. All samples were tested using ELISA commercial reagents for the detection of IgM antibodies against Brucella and Leptospira. Likewise, IgM and IgG antibodies against Rickettsia and CCHFV were determined using ELISA kits. Results: A total of 218 samples were tested, of which 43.5% (95\/218) were from the district of Caia and 56.4% (123\/218) from the B\u00fazi district. Results from both districts showed that the seroprevalence of IgM antibodies against Brucella and Leptospira was 2.7% (6\/218) and 30.3% (67\/218), respectively. Positivity rates for IgM and IgG anti-Rickettsia and CCHFV were 8.7% (19\/218), 2.7% (6\/218), 4.1% (9\/218), and 0.9% (2\/218), respectively. Conclusions: Results from our study showed evidence of antibodies due to exposure to Brucella, Leptospira, Rickettsia, and CCHFV with antibodies against Leptospira and Rickettsia being the most prevalent. Hence, laboratory diagnosis of zoonotic diseases is essential in the early detection of outbreaks, the identification of silent transmission, and the etiology of non-febrile illness in a pastoral community. There is a need to develop public health interventions that will reduce the risk of transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15122379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T03:40:58Z","timestamp":1701661258000},"page":"2379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Emerging Zoonotic Diseases among Pastoral Communities of Caia and B\u00fazi Districts, Sofala, Mozambique: Evidence of Antibodies against Brucella, Leptospira, Rickettsia, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1874-4150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Oludele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascoal","family":"Alho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inoc\u00eancio","family":"Chongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4729-0952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pl\u00e1cida","family":"Maholela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlademiro","family":"Magaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo CP 257, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Argentina","family":"Muianga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibiana","family":"Melchior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Telma","family":"Isa\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Gatambire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edna","family":"Zimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Em\u00eddio","family":"Nhavoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Noti\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Inguana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juma","family":"Cantoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virg\u00edlio","family":"Ant\u00f3nio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e1dia","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"},{"name":"Center for International Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80802 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-7432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Inlamea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Samo Gudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, July 10). 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