{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:45:57Z","timestamp":1793065557712,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":305,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH\/NIAID)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI007344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH\/NIAID)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI164561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI164561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has brought the HIV\/AIDS epidemic under control, but a curative strategy for viral eradication is still needed. The cessation of ART results in rapid viral rebound from latently infected CD4+ T cells, showing that control of viral replication alone does not fully restore immune function, nor does it eradicate viral reservoirs. With a better understanding of factors and mechanisms that promote viral latency, current approaches are primarily focused on the permanent silencing of latently infected cells (\u201cblock and lock\u201d) or reactivating HIV-1 gene expression in latently infected cells, in combination with immune restoration strategies to eliminate HIV infected cells from the host (\u201cshock and kill\u201d). In this review, we provide a summary of the current, most promising approaches for HIV-1 cure strategies, including an analysis of both latency-promoting agents (LPA) and latency-reversing agents (LRA) that have shown promise in vitro, ex vivo, and in human clinical trials to reduce the HIV-1 reservoir.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15122435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T06:53:16Z","timestamp":1702623196000},"page":"2435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Breaking the Silence: Regulation of HIV Transcription and Latency on the Road to a Cure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1938-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha N.","family":"Duggan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Dragic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit K.","family":"Chanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4193-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Pache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000026","article-title":"Emerging strategies to deplete the HIV reservoir","volume":"27","author":"Archin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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