{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:08:02Z","timestamp":1778285282846,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONAHCYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A1-S-43236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1-S-43236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONAHCYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project No. 317189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No. 317189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONAHCYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A1-S-43236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1-S-43236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONAHCYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project No. 317189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No. 317189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We analyzed the T-cell responses induced by lineal epitopes of glycoprotein 5 (GP5) from PRRSV to explore the role of this protein in the immunological protection mediated by T-cells. The GP5 peptides were conjugated with a carrier protein for primary immunization and booster doses. Twenty-one-day-old pigs were allocated into four groups (seven pigs per group): control (PBS), vehicle (carrier), PTC1, and PTC2. Cytokine levels were measured at 2 days post-immunization (DPI) from serum samples. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs, CD8+) from peripheral blood were quantified via flow cytometry at 42 DPI. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by co-culturing primed lymphocytes with PRRSV derived from an infectious clone. The PTC2 peptide increased the serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-8) and cytokines that activate the adaptive cellular immunity associated with T-lymphocytes (i.e., IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12). The concentration of CTLs (CD8+) was significantly higher in groups immunized with the peptides, which suggests a proliferative response in this cell population. Primed CTLs from immunized pigs showed cytolytic activity in PRRSV-infected cells in vitro. PTC1 and PTC2 peptides induced a protective T-cell-mediated response in pigs immunized against PRRSV, due to the presence of T epitopes in their sequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T05:36:12Z","timestamp":1703136972000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Glycoprotein 5-Derived Peptides Induce a Protective T-Cell Response in Swine against the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6317-816X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Calderon-Rico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S\/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Bravo-Pati\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S\/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irasema","family":"Mendieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias Quimico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas S\/N, Quer\u00e9taro PC 76010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8732-4793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Perez-Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S\/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia Gabriela","family":"Zamora-Aviles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S\/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9556-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Enrique","family":"Franco-Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S\/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6630-8954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Ortega-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S\/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2716-5481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilane","family":"Hernandez-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Leon, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Blv. UNAM No. 2011, Leon PC 37684, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1117-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Elvira","family":"Nu\u00f1ez-Anita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S\/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franzo, G., Barbierato, G., Pesente, P., Legnardi, M., Tucciarone, C.M., Sandri, G., and Drigo, M. (2021). Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Epidemiology in an Integrated Pig Company of Northern Italy: A Multilevel Threat Requiring Multilevel Interventions. 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