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Neotropical NHP are highly susceptible to YFV and considered sentinels for YFV circulation. Brazil faced a significant YF outbreak in 2017\u20132018, with over 2000 human cases and 2000 epizootics cases, mainly in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study aimed to investigate whether YFV circulation persisted in NHP after the human outbreak had subsided. To this end, NHP carcass samples collected in Minas Gerais from 2021 to 2023 were screened for YFV. RNA was extracted from tissue fragments and used in RT-qPCR targeting the YFV 5\u2019UTR. Liver and lung samples from 166 animals were tested, and the detection of the \u03b2-actin mRNA was used to ensure adequacy of RNA isolation. YFV RNA was detected in the liver of 18 NHP carcasses collected mainly from urban areas in 2021 and 2022. YFV positive NHP were mostly represented by Callithrix, from 5 out of the 12 grouped municipalities (mesoregions) in Minas Gerais state. These findings reveal the continued YFV circulation in NHP in urban areas of Minas Gerais during 2021 and 2022, with the attendant risk of re-establishing the urban YFV cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:44:15Z","timestamp":1703450655000},"page":"31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4256-247X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Garcia-Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5567-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5869-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9rica","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-705, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlise","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-705, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munique","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-705, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8801, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0708-3289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikos","family":"Vasilakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA"},{"name":"Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4049-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bet\u00e2nia","family":"Drumond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.08.030","article-title":"Yellow Fever","volume":"64","author":"Monath","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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