{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T06:01:59Z","timestamp":1771999319595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","award":["HL56652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL56652"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","award":["HL138179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL138179"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","award":["HL150818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL150818"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Platelets express several surface receptors that could interact with different viruses. To understand the mechanisms of HIV-1\u2032s interaction with platelets, we chose the EcoHIV model. While EcoHIV is an established model for neuroAIDS, its effects on platelets are ill-defined. Our results indicate that EcoHIV behaves differently from HIV-1 and is cleared from circulation after 48 h post-infection. The EcoHIV course of infection resembles an HIV-1 infection under the effects of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) since infected mice stayed immunocompetent and the virus was readily detected in the spleen. EcoHIV-infected mice failed to become thrombocytopenic and showed no signs of platelet activation. One explanation is that mouse platelets lack the EcoHIV receptor, murine Cationic Amino acid Transporter-1 (mCAT-1). No mCAT-1 was detected on their surface, nor was any mCAT-1 mRNA detected. Thus, mouse platelets would not bind or become activated by EcoHIV. However, impure virus preparations, generated by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) precipitation, do activate platelets, suggesting that nonspecific PEG-precipitates may contain other platelet activators (e.g., histones and cell debris). Our data do not support the concept that platelets, through general surface proteins such as DC-SIGN or CLEC-2, have a wide recognition for different viruses and suggest that direct platelet\/pathogen interactions are receptor\/ligand specific.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T06:18:13Z","timestamp":1703830693000},"page":"55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["EcoHIV-Infected Mice Show No Signs of Platelet Activation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4668-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hammodah R.","family":"Alfar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7042-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic Ngima","family":"Nthenge-Ngumbau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Saatman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidney W.","family":"Whiteheart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2956","article-title":"Platelets and the immune continuum","volume":"11","author":"Semple","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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