{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:19:21Z","timestamp":1790677161505,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIAID","award":["7R01 AI150830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7R01 AI150830"]}]},{"name":"NIAID","award":["5R01 GM126833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01 GM126833"]}]},{"name":"NIGMS","award":["7R01 AI150830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7R01 AI150830"]}]},{"name":"NIGMS","award":["5R01 GM126833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01 GM126833"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viruses pose a great threat to people\u2019s lives. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infects children and infants all over the world with no FDA-approved treatment to date. Understanding the basic mechanisms of viral processes aids in selecting more efficient drug targets and designing more effective antivirals to thwart this virus. The 5\u2032-untranslated region (5\u2032-UTR) of the viral RNA genome is composed of a cloverleaf structure and an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Cellular proteins that bind to the cloverleaf structure regulate viral RNA synthesis, while those that bind to the IRES also known as IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs) regulate viral translation. In this review, we survey the cellular proteins currently known to bind the 5\u2032-UTR and influence viral gene expression with emphasis on comparing proteins\u2019 functions and localizations pre- and post-(EV-A71) infection. A comprehensive understanding of how the host cell\u2019s machinery is hijacked and reprogrammed by the virus to facilitate its replication is crucial for developing effective antivirals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T13:02:58Z","timestamp":1704114178000},"page":"75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Repurposing of Cellular Proteins during Enterovirus A71 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4053-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudeshi M.","family":"Abedeera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9991-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"Davila-Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barrington","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa","family":"Penumutchu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanton S.","family":"Tolbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-022-00258-4","article-title":"Global Emergence of Enterovirus 71: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Nayak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ. 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