{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:45:39Z","timestamp":1773805539046,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2600200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2600200"]}]},{"name":"The National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023DJC159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023DJC159"]}]},{"name":"Youth Science and Technology Talent Foundation of Hubei Province of China","award":["2021YFC2600200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2600200"]}]},{"name":"Youth Science and Technology Talent Foundation of Hubei Province of China","award":["2023DJC159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023DJC159"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Mpox virus (MPXV) infections have increased in many countries since May 2022, increasing demand for diagnostic tests and research on the virus. To ensure personnel safety, appropriate and reliable measures are needed to disinfect and inactivate infectious samples; Methods: We evaluated the stability of infectious MPXV cultures stored at different temperatures and through freeze\u2013thaw cycles. Heat physical treatment (56 \u00b0C, 70 \u00b0C, 95 \u00b0C), chemical treatment (beta-propiolactone (BPL)) and two commercialized disinfectants (Micro-Chem Plus (MCP) and ethanol) were tested against infectious MPXV cultures; Results: The results indicated that MPXV stability increases with lower temperatures. The MPXV titer was stable within three freeze\u2013thaw cycles and only decreased by 1.04 log10 (lg) 50% cell culture infective dose (CCID50) per milliliter (12.44%) after twelve cycles. MPXV could be effectively inactivated at 56 \u00b0C for 40 min, 70 \u00b0C for 10 min, and 95 \u00b0C for 5 min. For BPL inactivation, a 1:1000 volume ratio (BPL:virus) could also effectively inactivate MPXV. A total of 2% or 5% MCP and 75% ethanol treated with MPXV for at least 1 min could reduce &gt;4.25 lg; Conclusions: MPXV shows high stability to temperature and freeze\u2013thaw. Heat and BPL treatments are effective for the inactivation of MPXV, while MCP and ethanol are effective for disinfection, which could help laboratory staff operate the MPXV under safer conditions and improve operational protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T03:21:41Z","timestamp":1704943301000},"page":"104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of Stability, Inactivation, and Disinfection Effectiveness of Mpox Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiyun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6263-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Demiao","family":"Dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunxia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5076-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zejun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"593","article-title":"A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"46","author":"Ladnyj","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull. 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