{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T03:09:09Z","timestamp":1788577749243,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis B is transmitted sexually, by blood contact, and vertically from mother to child. Chronic hepatitis B is often seen in immigrants from higher-prevalence countries and their Canadian-born children. We assessed the relationship between hepatitis B and social determinants of health. Included were 1,539,869 first-time Canadian blood donors from April 2005 to December 2022. All donations were tested for hepatitis B markers. Logistic regression was fit with chronic hepatitis B as the dependent variable and age, sex, year, and ethnocultural composition and material deprivation quintiles as independent variables. Chronic hepatitis B prevalence was 47.5\/100,000 (95% CI 41.5\u201353.5, years 2017\u20132022). Chronic hepatitis B prevalence was elevated in males, older age groups, and those living in more materially deprived and higher ethnocultural neighbourhoods. Of 212,518 donors from 2020 to 2022 with race\/ethnicity data, chronic hepatitis B prevalence was highest in East Asians. The findings are consistent with infections in immigrants, acquired in their country of origin, in their Canadian-born children and in those with other risks. As blood donors are a low-risk population unaware of their infection and unlikely to seek testing, our results highlight the ongoing public health challenges of diagnosing chronic hepatitis B and treating it when appropriate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T04:03:26Z","timestamp":1705291406000},"page":"117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence of Hepatitis B in Canadian First-Time Blood Donors: Association with Social Determinants of Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5332-2789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila F.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology & Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 192, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5038-1118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behrouz","family":"Ehsani-Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology & Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Studies in Primary Care, Department of Family Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mindy","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donation and Policy Studies, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 192, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2519-1109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven J.","family":"Drews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15108-2","article-title":"Viral hepatitis B","volume":"362","author":"Lai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3138\/canlivj.2018-0008","article-title":"Management of hepatitis B infection: 2018 guidelines from the Canadian Association of the Study of the Liver and Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada","volume":"1","author":"Coffin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. 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