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responsible for acute encephalitis and meningitis in humans. Despite the availability of vaccines, JEV remains a major public health threat with the potential to spread globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are an estimated 69,000 cases of JE each year, and this figure is probably an underestimate. The majority of JE victims are children in endemic areas, and almost half of the surviving patients have motor or cognitive sequelae. Thus, the absence of a clinically approved drug for the treatment of JE defines an urgent medical need. Recently, several promising and potential drug candidates were reported through drug repurposing studies, high-throughput drug library screening, and de novo design. This review focuses on the historical aspects of JEV, the biology of JEV replication, targets for therapeutic strategies, a target product profile, and drug development initiatives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16020202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T08:11:27Z","timestamp":1706515887000},"page":"202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Current Advances in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Drug Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, School of Basic Medicine, Xi\u2019an Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunqi","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, School of Basic Medicine, Xi\u2019an Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, School of Basic Medicine, Xi\u2019an Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8696-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, School of Basic Medicine, Xi\u2019an Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra030476","article-title":"Flavivirus encephalitis","volume":"351","author":"Solomon","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. 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