{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T16:45:45Z","timestamp":1778863545914,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ViiV Healthcare","award":["DOLAMA-ISS212985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOLAMA-ISS212985"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The continuous pharmacological advances in antiretroviral treatment (ART) and the increasing understanding of HIV drug resistance has led to a change in the paradigm of ART optimization in the setting of the viral suppression of treatment-experienced patients with the emerging evidence of the effectiveness and safety of dual therapies. The aim of this study is to determine the antiviral efficacy and safety of switching to Dolutegravir + Lamivudine in people living with HIV, and to analyze the rate of patients with virologic failure (VF). A total of 200 patients were included with a median age of 51 years, 189 cells\/\u00b5L of nadir CD4+, 13 years on ART and four previous ART regimens. Among the 168 patients who completed a follow-up at 48 weeks, a total of five VFs occurred, resulting in a 2.98% (5\/168) VF rate. The results of the intention-to-treat analysis were a VF rate of 2.54% (5\/197), and the rate of patients\/year with viral suppression was 98.3% (298\/303) in the observed data analysis. We observed a significant improvement in mean CD4 lymphocytes, the CD4\/CD8 ratio and lipid profiles. The optimization of ART to DTG plus 3TC is a cost-effective switch option for treatment-experienced HIV patients, and also improves their lipid profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16020259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T03:22:31Z","timestamp":1707189751000},"page":"259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["DOLAMA 200: Effectiveness and Safety of a Dual Therapy with Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine in Treatment-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Real World Participants in Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2780-8475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Sequera-Arquelladas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Hidalgo-Tenorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3804-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"L\u00f3pez-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Virgen del Rocio University Hospitals, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Virgen del Rocio University Hospitals, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4354-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"T\u00e9llez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Puerto Real Universitary Hospital, 11510 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Complex of Jaen, 23007 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4054-3491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Ferra-Murcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal medicine Service, Hospital Poniente, 04700 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Javier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Coral","family":"Garc\u00eda-Vallecillos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Pasquau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collaboration Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort (2017). Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: A collaborative analysis of cohort studies. Lancet HIV, 4, e349\u2013e356.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30066-8"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) (2022). European AIDS Clinical Society GUIDELINES, European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS). Version 11.1."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Panel de Expertos de GeSIDA (2023). Documento de Consenso de GeSIDA\/Plan Nacional Sobre el SIDA Respecto al Tratamiento Antirretroviral en Adultos Infectados por el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana, GeSIDA."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents, Department of Health and Human Services (2023, July 30). Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents with HIV, Available online: https:\/\/clinicalinfo.hiv.gov\/en\/guidelines\/adult-and-adolescent-arv."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw379","article-title":"Simplification to dual therapy (atazanavir\/ritonavir + lamivudine) versus standard triple therapy [atazanavir\/ritonavir + two nucleos(t)ides] in virologically stable patients on antiretroviral therapy: 96 week results from an open-label, non-inferiority, randomized clinical trial (SALT study)","volume":"72","author":"Rubio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zicari, S., Sessa, L., Cotugno, N., Ruggiero, A., Morrocchi, E., Concato, C., Rocca, S., Zangari, P., Manno, E.C., and Palma, P. (2019). Immune Activation, Inflammation, and Non-AIDS Co-Morbidities in HIV-Infected Patients under Long-Term ART. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030200"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60604-8","article-title":"Trends in underlying causes of death in people with HIV from 1999 to 2011 (D:A:D): A multicohort collaboration","volume":"384","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283365356","article-title":"Risk of all-cause mortality associated with nonfatal AIDS and serious non-AIDS events among adults infected with HIV","volume":"24","author":"Neuhaus","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12716","article-title":"Two-drug vs. three-drug combinations for HIV-1: Do we have enough data to make the switch?","volume":"20","author":"Moreno","year":"2019","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12749","article-title":"Switching to dual antiretroviral regimens is associated with improvement or no changes in activation and inflammation markers in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients: The TRILOBITHE pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Vallejo","year":"2019","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32462-0","article-title":"Dolutegravir plus lamivudine versus dolutegravir plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection (GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2): Week 48 results from two multicentre, double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 trials","volume":"393","author":"Cahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002979","article-title":"Dolutegravir\/lamivudine as a first-line regimen in a test-and-treat setting for newly diagnosed people living with HIV","volume":"35","author":"Rolle","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hidalgo-Tenorio, C., Pasquau, J., Vinuesa, D., Ferra, S., Terr\u00f3n, A., SanJoaqu\u00edn, I., Payeras, A., Mart\u00ednez, O.J., L\u00f3pez-Ruz, M.\u00c1., and Omar, M. (2022). DOLAVI Real-Life Study of Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine in Naive HIV-1 Patients (48 Weeks). Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202202.0134.v1"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1243","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Dolutegra-vir\/Lamivudine Fixed-Dose 2-Drug Regimen vs. Continuing a Tenofovir Alafenamide-Based 3- or 4-Drug Regimen for Maintenance of Virologic Suppression in Adults Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Phase 3, Randomized, Noninferiority TANGO Study","volume":"71","author":"Ajana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac130","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Switching to the 2-Drug Regimen Dolutegravir\/Lamivudine Versus Continuing a 3- or 4-Drug Regimen for Maintaining Virologic Suppression in Adults Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1): Week 48 Results from the Phase 3, Noninferiority SALSA Randomized Trial","volume":"76","author":"Llibre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16813","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016813","article-title":"DOLAMA study: Effectiveness, safety and phar-macoeconomic analysis of dual therapy with dolutegravir and lamivudine in virologically suppressed HIV-1 patients","volume":"98","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzitelli, M., Trunfio, M., Putaggio, C., Sasset, L., Leoni, D., Lo Menzo, S., Mengato, D., and Cattelan, A.M. (2022). Viro-Immunological, Clinical Outcomes and Costs of Switching to BIC\/TAF\/FTC in a Cohort of People Living with HIV: A 48-Week Prospective Analysis. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10081823"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104543","article-title":"Week 96 efficacy and safety results of the phase 3, randomized EMERALD trial to evaluate switching from boosted-protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine\/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to the once daily, single- tablet regimen of darunavir\/cobicistat\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide (D\/C\/F\/TAF) in treatment-experienced, virologically-suppressed adults living with HIV-1","volume":"170","author":"Eron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hidalgo-Tenorio, C., Vinuesa, D., Garc\u00eda-Vallecillos, C., Mu\u00f1oz-Medina, L., Sequera, S., Javier, R., L\u00f3pez-Ruz, M.\u00c1., Sadyrbaeva-Dolgova, S., and Pasquau, J. (2022). Rildo: Real-World Multicenter Study on the Effectiveness and Safety of Single-Tablet Regimen of Dolutegravir plus Rilpivirine in Treatment-Experienced People Living with HIV. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122626"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz021","article-title":"Resistance to integrase inhibitors: A national study in HIV-1-infected treatment-naive and -experienced patients","volume":"74","author":"Marcelin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database (2024, January 13). INSTI Resistance Comments. Available online: https:\/\/hivdb.stanford.edu\/dr-summary\/resistance-notes\/INSTI\/."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaa356","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa356","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of switching to dolutegravir with boosted darunavir in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1: A randomized, openlabel, multicenter, phase 3, noninferiority trial: The DUALIS study","volume":"7","author":"Spinner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pasquau, J., de Jesus, S.E., Arazo, P., Crusells, M.J., R\u00edos, M.J., Lozano, F., de la Torre, J., Galindo, M.J., Carmena, J., and Santos, J. (2019). Effectiveness and safety of dual therapy with rilpivirine and boosted darunavir in treatment-experienced patients with advanced HIV infection: A preliminary 24\u2009week analysis (RIDAR study). BMC Infect. Dis., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3817-6"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e576","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30149-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir-rilpivirine for maintenance of virological suppression in adults with HIV-1: 100-week data from the randomised, open-label, phase 3 SWORD-1 and SWORD-2 studies","volume":"6","author":"Aboud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maggiolo, F., Gulminetti, R., Pagnucco, L., Digaetano, M., Benatti, S., Valenti, D., Callegaro, A., Ripamonti, D., and Mussini, C. (2017). Lamivudine\/dolutegravir dual therapy in HIV-infected, virologically suppressed patients. BMC Infect. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2311-2"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cento, V., and Perno, C.F. (2021). Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine Two-Drug Regimen: Safety, Efficacy and Diagnostic Considerations for Its Use in Real-Life Clinical Practice\u2014A Refined Approach in the COVID-19 Era. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11050809"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0784-9","article-title":"L-1 drives IFN in senescent cells and promotes age\u2014Associated inflammation","volume":"566","author":"Ito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Postel, N., Schneeweiss, S., Wyen, C., Schabaz, F., Degen, O., Weinberg, G., Sabranki, M., Ummard-Berger, K., and Dymek, K.M. (2020, January 5\u20138). Real-world data from the prospective URBAN cohort study on the use of Dolutegravir (DTG) + Lamivudine (3TC) in ART-na\u00efve and pre-treated people living with HIV in Germany [Abstract 044]. Proceedings of the HIV Glasgow 2020, Virtual."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/2\/259\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:55:38Z","timestamp":1760104538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/2\/259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["v16020259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v16020259","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]}}}