{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:24:47Z","timestamp":1787678687607,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"RSF-DST","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-44-02007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-44-02007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nephropathis epidemica (NE), a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), is an acute zoonotic disease endemic in the Republic of Tatarstan. This study aimed to assess the impact of rosuvastatin on the clinical and laboratory results of NE. A total of 61 NE patients and 30 controls were included in this study; 22 NE patients and 7 controls received a daily dose of rosuvastatin (10 mg) for ten consecutive days. Serum samples were collected on days 1, 5, and 10 after admission to the hospital. These samples were analyzed to determine the levels of lipids, cytokines, and kidney toxicity markers. Our findings indicate that rosuvastatin reduced the duration of the second wave of fever and alleviated back pain and headache symptoms. Additionally, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) serum levels were significantly decreased on days 5 and 10 upon rosuvastatin treatment. Furthermore, rosuvastatin decreased the levels of cytokines in the serum, particularly proinflammatory cytokines IL-1\u03b2 and IL-8. NE patients had significantly altered levels of the kidney toxicity markers albumin and osteopontin. The data from our study provide evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of rosuvastatin in NE cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16020306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T11:23:57Z","timestamp":1708341837000},"page":"306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rosuvastatin as a Supplemental Treatment for the Clinical Symptoms of Nephropathia Epidemica: A Pilot Clinical Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Venera","family":"Shakirova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan 420012, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7445-2091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Markelova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4409-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriy","family":"Davidyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Stott-Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7752-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshana L.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Khaiboullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9427-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Rizvanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Martynova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000368479","article-title":"Determination of procalcitonin levels in patients with nephropathia epidemica-a useful tool or an unnecessary diagnostic procedure?","volume":"40","author":"Latus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"127","article-title":"Hantavirus infections","volume":"31","author":"Stock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Monatsschrift Fur Pharm."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00970","article-title":"Characterization of the Puumala orthohantavirus strains in the northwestern region of the Republic of Tatarstan in relation to the clinical manifestations in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients","volume":"10","author":"Davidyuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-74-3-515","article-title":"Susceptibility of human cells to Puumala virus infection","volume":"74","author":"Temonen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2010.43.8.535","article-title":"Severely modified lipoprotein properties without a change in cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity in patients with acute renal failure secondary to Hantaan virus infection","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8528270","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8528270","article-title":"High triglycerides are associated with low thrombocyte counts and high VEGF in nephropathia epidemica","volume":"2016","author":"Martynova","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(99)00042-7","article-title":"Low pH-induced cytopathic effect\u2014A survey of seven hantavirus strains","volume":"81","author":"McCaughey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.07.001","article-title":"Development of a lentiviral vector system to study the role of the Andes virus glycoproteins","volume":"153","author":"Darlix","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang, C.-F., Flint, M., Lin, J.-M.S., and Spiropoulou, C.F. (2016). Endocytic pathways used by Andes virus to enter primary human lung endothelial cells. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164768"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/42408","article-title":"Functional rafts in cell membranes","volume":"387","author":"Kai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(03)00016-6","article-title":"Role of cholesterol in lipid raft formation: Lessons from lipid model systems","volume":"1610","author":"Silvius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochim. Et Biophys. Acta BBA-Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petersen, J., Drake, M.J., Bruce, E.A., Riblett, A.M., Didigu, C.A., Wilen, C.B., Malani, N., Male, F., Lee, F.-H., and Bushman, F.D. (2014). The major cellular sterol regulatory pathway is required for Andes virus infection. PLoS Pathog., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003911"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00801","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00801-15","article-title":"Haploid genetic screen reveals a profound and direct dependence on cholesterol for hantavirus membrane fusion","volume":"6","author":"Kleinfelter","year":"2015","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.14.88","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines kinetics define the severity and phase of nephropathia epidemica","volume":"9","author":"Baigildina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomark. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garanina, E., Martynova, E., Davidyuk, Y., Kabwe, E., Ivanov, K., Titova, A., Markelova, M., Zhuravleva, M., Cherepnev, G., and Shakirova, V.G. (2019). Cytokine storm combined with humoral immune response defect in fatal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome case, Tatarstan, Russia. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11070601"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Outinen, T.K., M\u00e4kel\u00e4, S.M., Ala-Houhala, I.O., Huhtala, H.S., Hurme, M., Paakkala, A.S., P\u00f6rsti, I.H., Syrj\u00e4nen, J.T., and Mustonen, J.T. (2010). The severity of Puumala hantavirus induced nephropathia epidemica can be better evaluated using plasma interleukin-6 than C-reactive protein determinations. BMC Infect. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-132"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2006.19.558","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 genetic predisposing factors can influence clinical severity in nephropathia epidemica","volume":"19","author":"Maes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90062-2","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin-1, and interferon alpha stimulate triglyceride synthesis in HepG2 cells","volume":"40","author":"Grunfeld","year":"1991","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-1-267","article-title":"Multiple cytokines stimulate hepatic lipid synthesis in vivo","volume":"125","author":"FEINGOLD","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.1086\/317513","article-title":"Circulating cytokines as mediators of fever","volume":"31","author":"Netea","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.15616\/BSL.2018.24.3.213","article-title":"Upregulation of TNF-\u03b1 by Triglycerides is Mediated by MEK1 Activation in Jurkat T Cells","volume":"24","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8370","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.21.8370","article-title":"Mevinolin, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, induces mRNA for low density lipoprotein receptor in livers of hamsters and rabbits","volume":"83","author":"Ma","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07590-3","article-title":"Discovery of a potent HMG-CoA reductase degrader that eliminates statin-induced reductase accumulation and lowers cholesterol","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Bajaj, T., and Giwa, A.O. (2022). StatPearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Apotex (2020, November 22). Rosuvastatin Calcium Tablets. Available online: www.apotex.com\/products\/us\/downloads\/pre\/rosu_imtb_ins.pdf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yushchuk, N. (2020). Infectious Diseases, National Leadership.","DOI":"10.33029\/9704-5347-6-IDV-2020-1-704"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martynova, E., Davidyuk, Y., Kabwe, E., Garanina, E.E., Shakirova, V., Pavelkina, V., Uskova, Y., Stott, R.J., Foster, T.L., and Markelova, M. (2021). Cytokine, Chemokine, and Metalloprotease Activation in the Serum of Patients with Nephropathia Epidemica from the Republic of Tatarstan and the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10050527"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2020, November 22). R-Project. The R Project for Statistical Computing. Available online: https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidyuk, Y., Shamsutdinov, A., Kabwe, E., Ismagilova, R., Martynova, E., Belyaev, A., Shuralev, E., Trifonov, V., Savitskaya, T., and Isaeva, G. (2020). Prevalence of the Puumala orthohantavirus Strains in the Pre-Kama Area of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9070540"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidyuk, Y.N., Kabwe, E., Shamsutdinov, A.F., Knyazeva, A.V., Martynova, E.V., Ismagilova, R.K., Trifonov, V.A., Savitskaya, T.A., Isaeva, G.S., and Urbanowicz, R.A. (2021). The Distribution of Puumala orthohantavirus Genome Variants Correlates with the Regional Landscapes in the Trans-Kama Area of the Republic of Tatarstan. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091169"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shakirova, V., Khaertynova, I., Markelova, M., Tarlinton, R., Behnke, J., Martynova, E., Garanina, E., Rizvanov, A., and Khaiboullina, S. (2022). Serum Cytokine Alterations Associated with Age of Patients with Nephropathia Epidemica. BioMed Res. Int., 2022.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4685288"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.11.053","article-title":"Rosuvastatin enhances anti-inflammatory and inhibits pro-inflammatory functions in cultured microglial cells","volume":"314","author":"Kata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500X.162011","article-title":"Comparison of anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin with rosuvastatin in patients of acute coronary syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Khurana","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612820666140127163313","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of rosuvastatin in healthy subjects: A prospective longitudinal study","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c05054","article-title":"Rosuvastatin Attenuates Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Manifestations via Modulation of the Pro-and Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Network: A Combination of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies","volume":"6","author":"Qasim","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12621","article-title":"Overview of the IL-1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity","volume":"281","author":"Dinarello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8194","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8194","article-title":"Cutting edge: Critical role for mesothelial cells in necrosis-induced inflammation through the recognition of IL-1\u03b1 released from dying cells","volume":"181","author":"Eigenbrod","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14501","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603545103","article-title":"Intracellular IL-1\u03b1-binding proteins contribute to biological functions of endogenous IL-1\u03b1 in systemic sclerosis fibroblasts","volume":"103","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0915018107","article-title":"Differential release of chromatin-bound IL-1\u03b1 discriminates between necrotic and apoptotic cell death by the ability to induce sterile inflammation","volume":"107","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L566","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00233.2002","article-title":"Pathophysiological roles of interleukin-8\/CXCL8 in pulmonary diseases","volume":"284","author":"Mukaida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.176","article-title":"Inflammasome-dependent IL-1\u03b2 release depends upon membrane permeabilisation","volume":"23","author":"Diamond","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"kyac005","DOI":"10.1093\/discim\/kyac005","article-title":"Looking into the IL-1 of the storm: Are inflammasomes the link between immunothrombosis and hyperinflammation in cytokine storm syndromes?","volume":"1","author":"Gleeson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Discov. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12568","article-title":"Transient expression of IL-1\u03b2 induces acute lung injury and chronic repair leading to pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"107","author":"Kolb","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potere, N., Del Buono, M.G., Caricchio, R., Cremer, P.C., Vecchi\u00e9, A., Porreca, E., Dalla Gasperina, D., Dentali, F., Abbate, A., and Bonaventura, A. (2022). Interleukin-1 and the NLRP3 inflammasome in COVID-19: Pathogenetic and therapeutic implications. EBioMedicine, 85.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104299"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-019-0068-8","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b2 is a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"3720","article-title":"Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases","volume":"117","author":"Dinarello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1261","article-title":"A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17","volume":"6","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.01.002","article-title":"Interleukin-17A serves a priming role in autoimmunity by recruiting IL-1\u03b2-producing myeloid cells that promote pathogenic T cells","volume":"52","author":"McGinley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3503","article-title":"Interleukin 1\u03b1 and the inflammatory process","volume":"17","author":"Shayakhmetov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"cm1","article-title":"Interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathway","volume":"3","author":"Weber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000514885","article-title":"Interleukin 8 elicits rapid physiological changes in neutrophils that are altered by inflammatory conditions","volume":"13","author":"Bernhard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Leonovich, O., and Dzagurova, T. (2021). Effects of Cholesterol on Internalization Puumala and Dobrava Hantavirus, FEBS."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Venugopal, S.K., Anoruo, M., and Jialal, I. (2018). Biochemistry, Low Density Lipoprotein, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08938","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals","volume":"464","author":"Duewell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2101.140861","article-title":"Clinical course and long-term outcome of hantavirus-associated nephropathia epidemica, Germany","volume":"21","author":"Latus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mironov, A.A., and Beznoussenko, G.V. (2022). Opinion: On the Way towards the New Paradigm of Atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042152"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00332.x","article-title":"Renal function and blood pressure five years after Puumala virus-induced nephropathy","volume":"58","author":"Mustonen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8658507","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8658507","article-title":"Urinary clusterin is upregulated in nephropathia epidemica","volume":"2018","author":"Martynova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac008","article-title":"The kidney in hantavirus infection\u2014Epidemiology, virology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management","volume":"15","author":"Koehler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F626","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00004.2011","article-title":"Urine albumin as a biomarker in acute kidney injury","volume":"300","author":"Bolisetty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1624","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers trefoil factor 3 and albumin enable early detection of kidney tubular injury","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000433563","article-title":"Community acquired severe acute kidney injury caused by hantavirus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome has a favorable outcome","volume":"130","author":"Outinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10416","article-title":"Hanta hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A pathology in whose diagnosis kidney biopsy plays a major role","volume":"22","author":"Bernea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owens, E., Tan, K.-S., Ellis, R., Del Vecchio, S., Humphries, T., Lennan, E., Vesey, D., Healy, H., Hoy, W., and Gobe, G. (2020). Development of a biomarker panel to distinguish risk of progressive chronic kidney disease. Biomedicines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8120606"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V871043","article-title":"Ultrastructural localization of osteopontin in the kidney: Induction by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"8","author":"Madsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.059003959.x","article-title":"Expression of osteopontin in gentamicin-induced acute tubular necrosis and its recovery process","volume":"59","author":"Xie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1159\/000071285","article-title":"Osteopontin traffic in hypoxic renal epithelial cells","volume":"94","author":"Hampel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephron Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.21.303","article-title":"Identification of osteopontin as a urinary biomarker for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.67","article-title":"Osteopontin expression in angiotensin II-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis","volume":"45","author":"Giachelli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090488","article-title":"Antigen-specific induction of osteopontin contributes to the chronification of allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"176","author":"Seier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802325","article-title":"Role of CD44 in the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells: CD44-deficiency enhances the development of Th2 effectors in response to sheep RBC and chicken ovalbumin","volume":"183","author":"Guan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5454.860","article-title":"Eta-1 (osteopontin): An early component of type-1 (cell-mediated) immunity","volume":"287","author":"Ashkar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1159\/000078643","article-title":"Expression of osteopontin in cisplatin-induced tubular injury","volume":"97","author":"Iguchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephron Exp. Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/2\/306\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:01:09Z","timestamp":1760104869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/2\/306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["v16020306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v16020306","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]}}}