{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:31:24Z","timestamp":1792801884336,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health","award":["U01AI151758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151758"]}]},{"name":"National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health","award":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"]}]},{"name":"Africa CDC Pathogen Genomics Initiative","award":["U01AI151758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151758"]}]},{"name":"Africa CDC Pathogen Genomics Initiative","award":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"]}]},{"name":"Senegalese Ministry of Health and Institut Pasteur de Dakar","award":["U01AI151758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151758"]}]},{"name":"Senegalese Ministry of Health and Institut Pasteur de Dakar","award":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), the most widespread tick-borne viral human infection, poses a threat to global health. In this study, clinical samples collected through national surveillance systems were screened for acute CCHF virus (CCHFV) infection using RT-PCR and for exposure using ELISA. For any CCHF-positive sample, livestock and tick samples were also collected in the neighborhood of the confirmed case and tested using ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were also performed on samples with positive RT-PCR results. In Eastern Senegal, two human cases and one Hyalomma tick positive for CCHF were identified and a seroprevalence in livestock ranging from 9.33% to 45.26% was detected. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the human strain belonged to genotype I based on the available L segment. However, the tick strain showed a reassortant profile, with the L and M segments belonging to genotype I and the S segment belonging to genotype III. Our data also showed that our strains clustered with strains isolated in different countries, including Mauritania. Therefore, our findings confirmed the high genetic variability inside the CCHF genotypes and their introduction to Senegal from other countries. They also indicate an increasing CCHF threat in Senegal and emphasize the need to reinforce surveillance using a one-health approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16020315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T11:23:57Z","timestamp":1708341837000},"page":"315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Emergence of Crimean\u2013Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Eastern Senegal in 2022"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9047-6330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ousseynou","family":"Sene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samba 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Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Simon-Lori\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoro","family":"Sall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dakar 10700, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5950-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boly","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dakar 10700, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dakar 10700, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anavaj","family":"Sakuntabhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genetics of Infectious Disease Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR2000, Department of Global Health, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"International Vaccine Design Center (vDesC), The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadou Alpha","family":"Sall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ousmane","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology 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