{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T19:23:22Z","timestamp":1768677802808,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri Food Canada via Canadian Poultry Research Council Poultry Science Cluster 3","award":["10025097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10025097"]}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Agri Food Canada via Canadian Poultry Research Council Poultry Science Cluster 3","award":["10022788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10022788"]}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Agri Food Canada via Canadian Poultry Research Council Poultry Science Cluster 3","award":["RGPIN-2023-03364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2023-03364"]}]},{"name":"Egg Farmers of Canada","award":["10025097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10025097"]}]},{"name":"Egg Farmers of Canada","award":["10022788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10022788"]}]},{"name":"Egg Farmers of Canada","award":["RGPIN-2023-03364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2023-03364"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada","award":["10025097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10025097"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada","award":["10022788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10022788"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada","award":["RGPIN-2023-03364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2023-03364"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) induces severe economic losses in chicken farms due to the emergence of new variants leading to vaccine breaks. The studied IBV strains belong to Massachusetts (Mass), Canadian 4\/91, and California (Cal) 1737 genotypes that are prevalent globally. This study was designed to compare the impact of these three IBV genotypes on primary and secondary lymphoid organs. For this purpose, one-week-old specific pathogen-free chickens were inoculated with Mass, Canadian 4\/91, or Cal 1737 IBV variants, keeping a mock-infected control. We examined the IBV replication in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations revealed significant differences in lesion scores and viral distribution in these immune organs. In addition, we observed B-cell depletion in the bursa of Fabricius and the spleen with a significant elevation of T cells in these organs. Further studies are required to determine the functional consequences of IBV replication in lymphoid organs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16030326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T05:42:46Z","timestamp":1708494166000},"page":"326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differential Impact of Massachusetts, Canadian 4\/91, and California (Cal) 1737 Genotypes of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Infection on Lymphoid Organs of Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Reham M.","family":"Abd-Elsalam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9767-8341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahnas M.","family":"Najimudeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motamed E.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7424-5305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed S. H.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4727-8256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo A.","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, 4008 VM3B, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Faizal","family":"Abdul-Careem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"An apparently new respiratory disease of baby chicks","volume":"78","author":"Schalk","year":"1931","journal-title":"J. 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