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Its eradication is challenging due to the establishment of latency in blood leukocytes and other tissues. To understand the molecular mechanisms leading to KHV infection in leukocytes, common carp were bath-exposed to KHV at 17 \u00b0C. After confirming the presence of viral transcripts in blood leukocytes at ten days post infection, RNA-Seq was performed on peripheral blood leukocytes on the Illumina NovaSeq. KHV infection triggered a robust immune response mediated by pattern recognition receptors, mainly toll-like receptors (tlr2, tlr5, tlr7, and tlr13), urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor-like, galectin proteins, and lipid mediators such as leukotriene B4 receptor 1. Enriched pathways showed increased mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and the activation of signalling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). KHV-infected leukocytes showed low production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione metabolism, high iron export and phagocytosis activity, and low autophagy. Macrophage polarization was deduced from the up-regulation of genes such as arginase non-hepatic 1-like, macrophage mannose receptor-1, crem, il-10, and il-13 receptors, while markers for cytotoxic T cells were observed to be down-regulated. Further work is required to characterise these leukocyte subsets and the molecular events leading to KHV latency in blood leukocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16030380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T02:59:39Z","timestamp":1709175579000},"page":"380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Transcriptomic Responses to Koi Herpesvirus in Isolated Blood Leukocytes from Infected Common Carp"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8468-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Cano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Blaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hartnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Farbos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Cobb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduarda M.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2605-6518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronny","family":"van Aerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"The Emergence of Koi Herpesvirus and Its Significance to European Aquaculture","volume":"24","author":"Haenen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull. 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