{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:23:06Z","timestamp":1789593786265,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015671","name":"Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00AKUG0130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00AKUG0130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Summer Research Scholar (SRS) program","award":["00AKUG0130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00AKUG0130"]}]},{"name":"Signature Work Research Grant","award":["00AKUG0130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00AKUG0130"]}]},{"name":"Signature Fund","award":["00AKUG0130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00AKUG0130"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have posed a significant pandemic threat since their discovery. This review mainly focuses on the epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatments of avian influenza viruses. We delve into the global spread, past pandemics, clinical symptoms, severity, and immune response related to AIVs. The review also discusses various control measures, including antiviral drugs, vaccines, and potential future directions in influenza treatment and prevention. Lastly, by summarizing the insights from previous pandemic control, this review aims to direct effective strategies for managing future influenza pandemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16030458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T06:58:39Z","timestamp":1710745119000},"page":"458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Insights from Avian Influenza: A Review of Its Multifaceted Nature and Future Pandemic Preparedness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6258-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianning","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural and Applied Science, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan 215316, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8360-9537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiu-Wing","family":"Kam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural and Applied Science, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan 215316, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(00)89025-3","article-title":"The epidemiology and history of influenza","volume":"54","author":"Kuszewski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomed. 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