{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:05:54Z","timestamp":1791986754270,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000277","name":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SE0559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SE0559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000277","name":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SV3045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SV3045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000277","name":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/X018008\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/X018008\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"British Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Council (BBSRC) and Defra","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SE0559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SE0559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"British Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Council (BBSRC) and Defra","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SV3045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SV3045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"British Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Council (BBSRC) and Defra","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/X018008\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/X018008\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ticks are the main arthropod vector of pathogens to humans and livestock in the British Isles. Despite their role as a vector of disease, many aspects of tick biology, ecology, and microbial association are poorly understood. To address this, we investigated the composition of the microbiome of adult and nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. The ticks were collected on a dairy farm in Southwest England and RNA extracted for whole genome sequencing. Sequences were detected from a range of microorganisms, particularly tick-associated viruses, bacteria, and nematodes. A majority of the viruses were attributed to phlebo-like and nairo-like virus groups, demonstrating a high degree of homology with the sequences present in I. ricinus from mainland Europe. A virus sharing a high sequence identity with Chimay rhabdovirus, previously identified in ticks from Belgium, was detected. Further investigations of I. ricinus ticks collected from additional sites in England and Wales also identified Chimay rhabdovirus viral RNA with varying prevalence in all tick populations. This suggests that Chimay rhabdovirus has a wide distribution and highlights the need for an extended exploration of the tick microbiome in the United Kingdom (UK).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T11:34:58Z","timestamp":1711452898000},"page":"504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sequences Related to Chimay Rhabdovirus Are Widely Distributed in Ixodes ricinus Ticks across England and Wales"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5386-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjam","family":"Schilling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Diseases Workgroup, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Golding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabies and Viral Zoonoses Workgroup, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben P.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Diseases Workgroup, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0068-4727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen L.","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Diseases Workgroup, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolyon","family":"Medlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6106-9373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Diseases Workgroup, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-018-0019-0","article-title":"Tick-Borne Viruses","volume":"33","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virol. 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