{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T05:51:58Z","timestamp":1771566718118,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III with the European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI20\/01323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/01323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III with the European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP22\/00016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP22\/00016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III with the European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INT21\/00100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT21\/00100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III with the European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/85"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/85"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017266","name":"Health Department of the Navarre Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI20\/01323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/01323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017266","name":"Health Department of the Navarre Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP22\/00016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP22\/00016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017266","name":"Health Department of the Navarre Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INT21\/00100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT21\/00100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017266","name":"Health Department of the Navarre Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/85"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/85"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 circulated intensely during the 2021\u20132022 season, many patients with severe acute respiratory disease tested negative for COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of different respiratory viruses in deceased persons. The proportion of deceased persons with respiratory viral infections in the 2021\u20132022 season in Navarre, Spain, was estimated considering all deaths caused by confirmed COVID-19 according to the epidemiological surveillance and the results of multiplex PCR tests for respiratory viruses performed in a sample of deceased persons with a cause of death other than COVID-19. Of 3578 deaths, 324 (9.1%) were initially reported as caused by pre-mortem confirmed COVID-19. A sample of 242 persons who died by causes other than COVID-19 were tested post-mortem; 64 (26.4%) of them were positive for any respiratory virus: 11.2% for SARS-CoV-2, 5.8% for rhinovirus, 3.7% for human coronavirus, 2.5% for metapneumovirus, 1.7% for respiratory syncytial virus, 1.7% for parainfluenza, 1.2% for influenza, and less than 1% each for adenovirus and bocavirus. Combining both approaches, we estimated that 34.4% of all deceased persons during the study period had a respiratory viral infection and 19.2% had SARS-CoV-2. Only 33.3% (9\/27) of SARS-CoV-2 and 5.0% (2\/40) of other viruses detected post-mortem had previously been confirmed pre-mortem. In a period with very intense circulation of SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic, other respiratory viruses were also frequently present in deceased persons. Some SARS-CoV-2 infections and most other viral infections were not diagnosed pre-mortem. Several respiratory viruses may contribute to excess mortality in winter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:44:52Z","timestamp":1711892692000},"page":"533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of Respiratory Viral Infections in Deceased Persons during the COVID-19 Pandemic Season 2021\u20132022: A Population-Based Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5105-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camino","family":"Trobajo-Sanmart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Navascu\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3405-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Baz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itziar","family":"Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Ezpeleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6396-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Castilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.179","article-title":"Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States","volume":"289","author":"Thompson","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220527","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.0527","article-title":"Mortality Associated with Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the US, 1999\u20132018","volume":"5","author":"Hansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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