{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:16:05Z","timestamp":1787030165732,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["2015ZX09102021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015ZX09102021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The enterovirus A71 (EV71) inactivated vaccine is an effective intervention to control the spread of the virus and prevent EV71-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). It is widely administered to infants and children in China. The empty particles (EPs) and full particles (FPs) generated during production have different antigenic and immunogenic properties. However, the antigen detection methods currently used were established without considering the differences in antigenicity between EPs and FPs. There is also a lack of other effective analytical methods for detecting the different particle forms, which hinders the consistency between batches of products. In this study, we analyzed the application of sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC) in characterizing the EPs and FPs of EV71. Our results showed that the proportions of the two forms could be quantified simultaneously by SV-AUC. We also determined the repeatability and accuracy of this method and found that both parameters were satisfactory. We assessed SV-AUC for bulk vaccine quality control, and our findings indicated that SV-AUC can be used effectively to analyze the percentage of EPs and FPs and monitor the consistency of the process to ensure the quality of the vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T10:11:55Z","timestamp":1712571115000},"page":"573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Quantitation of Enterovirus A71 Empty and Full Particles by Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Core Facilities for Life Science (HUST), College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, 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Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, 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