{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:29:24Z","timestamp":1780410564243,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common in people with HIV (PWH), and has great impact in terms of morbidity and mortality. Several intertwined mechanisms are believed to play a role in determining the increased risk of CVD, including the effect of certain antiretrovirals; among these, the role of integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) is yet to be fully elucidated. We conducted a multicenter, observational study comprising 4984 PWH evaluating the antiretroviral therapy (ART)-related nature of CVD in real life settings, both in na\u00efve vs. treatment-experienced people. A comparison was conducted between INSTIs vs. either protease inhibitors (PIs) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) considering demographic, baseline clinical characteristics, incidence of CVD in both 2-year and complete follow-up periods. Among 2357 PWH exposed to INSTIs, 24 people experienced CVD; the corresponding figure was 12 cases out of 2599 PWH exposed to other ART classes. At univariate and multivariate analysis, a tendency towards an increased risk of CVD was observed in the 2-year follow-up period in PWH exposed to INSTIs in the absence, however, of statistical significance. These findings leave open the hypothesis that INSTIs may play a role, albeit minimal, in determining an increased risk of CVD in PWH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T11:53:53Z","timestamp":1713182033000},"page":"613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Risk of Cardiovascular Events in People with HIV (PWH) Treated with Integrase Strand-Transfer Inhibitors: The Debate Is Not Over; Results of the SCOLTA Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Corti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Menzaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ASST della Valle Olona, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Orofino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division I of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino, 10149 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Guastavigna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division I of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino, 10149 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0999-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Lagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AOU Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1436-5089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Biagio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinic, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health\u2019s Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6622-6358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Taramasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinic, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8774-4843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Vittorio","family":"De Socio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Santa Maria Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4746-3750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Molteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, A. Manzoni Hospital, 23900 Lecco, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6099-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giordano","family":"Madeddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Salomoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9640-8742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Francesco","family":"Pellican\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and the Developmental Age \u201cG. Barresi\u201d, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1085-0442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Pontali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Bellagamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani Institute for Hospitalization and Care Scientific, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6919-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetto Maurizio","family":"Celesia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Garibaldi Hospital, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1992-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Sarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, S. 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Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, \u201cAlma Mater Studiorum\u201d, University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8772-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, AORN Sant\u2019Anna e San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cenderello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Sanremo Hospital, 18038 Sanremo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Bandera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Aurora","family":"Carleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Gender Medicine Unit, Cotugno Hospital, AO dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8795-5410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia","family":"Falasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, G. D\u2019Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1551-1271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, University Hospital Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Guadagnino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, St. Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goffredo","family":"Angioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, SS Trinit\u00e0 Hospital, 09121 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Bargiacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Maggiore della Carit\u00e0, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5279-0444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena Delfina","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione A.S.I.A. 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