{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T09:44:01Z","timestamp":1782726241022,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["272983813-TRR179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272983813-TRR179"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["390874280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390874280"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["443644894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["443644894"]}]},{"name":"Germany\u2019s Excellence Strategy\u2014EXC 2155","award":["272983813-TRR179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272983813-TRR179"]}]},{"name":"Germany\u2019s Excellence Strategy\u2014EXC 2155","award":["390874280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390874280"]}]},{"name":"Germany\u2019s Excellence Strategy\u2014EXC 2155","award":["443644894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["443644894"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit FOR5200 DEEP-DV","award":["272983813-TRR179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272983813-TRR179"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit FOR5200 DEEP-DV","award":["390874280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390874280"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit FOR5200 DEEP-DV","award":["443644894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["443644894"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Differentiated HepaRG cells are popular in vitro cell models for hepatotoxicity studies. Their differentiation is usually supported by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an amphipathic solvent widely used in biomedicine, for example, in potential novel therapeutic drugs and cryopreservation of oocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated drastic effects, especially on epigenetics and extracellular matrix composition, induced by DMSO, making its postulated inert character doubtful. In this work, the influence of DMSO and DMSO-mediated modulation of differentiation on human adenovirus (HAdV) infection of HepaRG cells was investigated. We observed an increase in infectivity of HepaRG cells by HAdVs in the presence of 1% DMSO. However, this effect was dependent on the type of medium used for cell cultivation, as cells in William\u2019s E medium showed significantly stronger effects compared with those cultivated in DMEM. Using different DMSO concentrations, we proved that the impact of DMSO on infectability was dose-dependent. Infection of cells with a replication-deficient HAdV type demonstrated that the mode of action of DMSO was based on viral entry rather than on viral replication. Taken together, these results highlight the strong influence of the used cell-culture medium on the performed experiments as well as the impact of DMSO on infectivity of HepaRG cells by HAdVs. As this solvent is widely used in cell culture, those effects must be considered, especially in screening of new antiviral compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T04:10:15Z","timestamp":1713499815000},"page":"633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["DMSO and Its Role in Differentiation Impact Efficacy of Human Adenovirus (HAdV) Infection in HepaRG Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"},{"name":"Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, and Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Weigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9501-5691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Virology, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"Liver cell models in in vitro toxicology","volume":"106","author":"Guillouzo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. 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