{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T15:14:45Z","timestamp":1771168485454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP-2019-04-3403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2019-04-3403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in Croatia remains a health challenge despite screening efforts. Besides the persistent infection with HPV, the development of cancer is also associated with some cofactors. The goal of this study was to assess circulating HPV genotypes and risk factors for the development of cervical precancer after almost 16 years from the onset of HPV vaccination in Croatia. In this study, a total of 321 women attending gynecological care were evaluated. Relevant medical and demographic information, including cytology, were collected. HPV genotyping was performed by PCR. Comparing the HPV types found in circulation in the pre-vaccination (1999\u20132015) and post-vaccination periods (2020\u20132023), a statistically significant reduction in HPV 31 was noted, while the overall prevalence increased in the post-vaccination period. Besides the expected HPV positivity as a risk factor, the history of smoking was associated with LSIL or worse cytology at enrollment. For the first time, this population study revealed a statistically significant shift in the HPV genotype in the post-vaccination period, as well as the confirmation of risk factors for the development of abnormal cytology among Croatian women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T09:53:52Z","timestamp":1713779632000},"page":"642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Monitoring HPV Prevalence and Risk Cofactors for Abnormal Cytology in the Post-Vaccination Period among Croatian Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5409-6034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ena","family":"Pe\u0161ut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute, Bijeni\u010dka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7816-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"\u0160imi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute, Bijeni\u010dka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6494-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajko","family":"Fure\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital Zabok, Bra\u010dak 8, 49210 Zabok, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6219-7836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Milutin Ga\u0161perov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute, Bijeni\u010dka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cvjetko","family":"Le\u017e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital Zabok, Bra\u010dak 8, 49210 Zabok, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabijan","family":"Feratovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital Zabok, Bra\u010dak 8, 49210 Zabok, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3735-6621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomica","family":"Kukina \u017dviga\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital Zabok, Bra\u010dak 8, 49210 Zabok, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6178-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Grce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute, Bijeni\u010dka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Erceg Ivko\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Special Hospital Sveta Katarina, Branimirova 71 E, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5753-8528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Sabol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute, Bijeni\u010dka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32470-X","article-title":"Cervical Cancer","volume":"393","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2014). 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