{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T20:42:50Z","timestamp":1773952970550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","award":["No. 22203MFDS403-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 22203MFDS403-1"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","award":["No. NRF-2022R1F1A1063986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. NRF-2022R1F1A1063986"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea","award":["No. 22203MFDS403-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 22203MFDS403-1"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea","award":["No. NRF-2022R1F1A1063986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. NRF-2022R1F1A1063986"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a positive single-strand RNA genome virus which belongs to the enterovirus genus in the picornavirus family, like poliovirus. It is one of the most prevalent pathogens that cause myocarditis and pancreatitis in humans. However, a suitable therapeutic medication and vaccination have yet to be discovered. Caboxamycin, a benzoxazole antibiotic isolated from the culture broth of the marine strain Streptomyces sp., SC0774, showed an antiviral effect in CVB3-infected HeLa cells and a CVB3-induced myocarditis mouse model. Caboxamycin substantially decreased CVB3 VP1 production and cleavage of translation factor eIF4G1 from CVB3 infection. Virus-positive and -negative strand RNA was dramatically reduced by caboxamycin treatment. In addition, the cleavage of the pro-apoptotic molecules BAD, BAX, and caspase3 was significantly inhibited by caboxamycin treatment. In animal experiments, the survival rate of mice was improved following caboxamycin treatment. Moreover, caboxamycin treatment significantly decreased myocardial damage and inflammatory cell infiltration. Our study showed that caboxamycin dramatically suppressed cardiac inflammation and mouse death. This result suggests that caboxamycin may be suitable as a potential antiviral drug for CVB3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T09:26:02Z","timestamp":1714123562000},"page":"677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Caboxamycin Inhibits Heart Inflammation in a Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hong-Gi","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun 28024, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prima F.","family":"Hillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You-Jeung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Irwon Dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ha-Eun","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun 28024, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3974-1175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung-Kwan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun 28024, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0944-6565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Jip","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"284","article-title":"Coxsackievirus B-3 myocarditis. 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