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of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)","award":["JP20jm0110013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20jm0110013"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)","award":["JP23fm0208101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23fm0208101"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)","award":["JP223fa627004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP223fa627004"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)","award":["JPJSCCB20220009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJSCCB20220009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute respiratory infections are a major global burden in resource-limited countries, including countries in Africa. Although COVID-19 has been well studied since the pandemic emerged in Gabon, Central Africa, less attention has been paid to other respiratory viral diseases, and very little data are available. Herein, we provide the first data on the genetic diversity and detection of 18 major respiratory viruses in Gabon during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of 582 nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected from March 2020 to July 2021, which were SARS-CoV-2 negative, 156 were positive (26%) for the following viruses: enterovirus (20.3%), human rhinovirus (HRV) (4.6%), human coronavirus OC43 (1.2%), human adenovirus (0.9%), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (0.5%), influenza A virus (IAV) (0.3%), and human parainfluenza viruses (0.5%). To determine the genetic diversity and transmission route of the viruses, phylogenetic analyses were performed using genome sequences of the detected viruses. The IAV strain detected in this study was genetically similar to strains isolated in the USA, whereas the hMPV strain belonging to the A2b subtype formed a cluster with Kenyan strains. This study provides the first complete genomic sequences of HRV, IAV, and hMPV detected in Gabon, and provides insight into the circulation of respiratory viruses in the country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T03:57:56Z","timestamp":1714622276000},"page":"698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Genetic Diversity and Detection of Respiratory Viruses Excluding SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Gabon, 2020\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2254-727X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgelin","family":"Ondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 BP.242, Gabon"},{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4169-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"Ushijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Biomedical Science, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0141-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruka","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Vietnam Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6476-4068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u00efdou","family":"Mahmoudou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 BP.242, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6168-2928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigue","family":"Bikangui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 BP.242, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Nkoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 BP.242, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marien","family":"Mbadinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 BP.242, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayong","family":"More","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 BP.242, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maradona","family":"Agbanrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 BP.242, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Pemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romuald","family":"Beh Mba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 BP.242, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-5946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayola Akim","family":"Adegnika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 BP.242, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Lell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 BP.242, Gabon"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 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