{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:26:49Z","timestamp":1793068009748,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are the leading causes of end-stage liver disease worldwide. Although there is a potent vaccine against HBV, many new infections are recorded annually, especially in poorly resourced places which have lax vaccination policies. Again, as HBV has no cure and chronic infection is lifelong, vaccines cannot help those already infected. Studies to thoroughly understand the HBV biology and pathogenesis are limited, leaving much yet to be understood about the genomic features and their role in establishing and maintaining infection. The current knowledge of the impact on disease progression and response to treatment, especially in hyperendemic regions, is inadequate. This calls for in-depth studies on viral biology, mainly for the purposes of coming up with better management strategies for infected people and more effective preventative measures for others. This information could also point us in the direction of a cure. Here, we discuss the progress made in understanding the genomic basis of viral activities leading to the complex interplay of the virus and the host, which determines the outcome of HBV infection as well as the impact of coinfections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T03:43:46Z","timestamp":1714707826000},"page":"724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Mini Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Diana Asema","family":"Asandem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 52, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5795-8314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selorm Philip","family":"Segbefia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5483-9985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwadwo Asamoah","family":"Kusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0301-8145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph Humphrey Kofi","family":"Bonney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kholodenko, I.V., and Yarygin, K.N. (2017). Cellular Mechanisms of Liver Regeneration and Cell-Based Therapies of Liver Diseases. BioMed Res. 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