{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:27:56Z","timestamp":1775064476949,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]],"date-time":"2024-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014825","name":"National Biopharma Mission, DBT-BIRAC, Govt of India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/NBM099\/02\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/NBM099\/02\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As dengue expands globally and many vaccines are under trials, there is a growing recognition of the need for assessing T cell immunity in addition to assessing the functions of neutralizing antibodies during these endeavors. While several dengue-specific experimentally validated T cell epitopes are known, less is understood about which of these epitopes are conserved among circulating dengue viruses and also shared by potential vaccine candidates. As India emerges as the epicenter of the dengue disease burden and vaccine trials commence in this region, we have here aligned known dengue specific T cell epitopes, reported from other parts of the world with published polyprotein sequences of 107 dengue virus isolates available from India. Of the 1305 CD4 and 584 CD8 epitopes, we found that 24% and 41%, respectively, were conserved universally, whereas 27% and 13% were absent in any viral isolates. With these data, we catalogued epitopes conserved in circulating dengue viruses from India and matched them with each of the six vaccine candidates under consideration (TV003, TDEN, DPIV, CYD-TDV, DENVax and TVDV). Similar analyses with viruses from Thailand, Brazil and Mexico revealed regional overlaps and variations in these patterns. Thus, our study provides detailed and nuanced insights into regional variation that should be considered for itemization of T cell responses during dengue natural infection and vaccine design, testing and evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T15:05:01Z","timestamp":1715007901000},"page":"730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Regional Variation of the CD4 and CD8 T Cell Epitopes Conserved in Circulating Dengue Viruses and Shared with Potential Vaccine Candidates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5574-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yadya M.","family":"Chawla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Bajpai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keshav","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elluri Seetharami","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India"},{"name":"Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashok Kumar","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-1710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaja","family":"Murali-Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5702-7170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anmol","family":"Chandele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060","article-title":"The global distribution and burden of dengue","volume":"496","author":"Bhatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00658-2","article-title":"Is new dengue vaccine efficacy data a relief or cause for concern?","volume":"8","author":"Thomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"001831","article-title":"Challenges on the development of a dengue vaccine: A comprehensive review of the state of the art","volume":"104","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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