{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T12:53:29Z","timestamp":1770468809373,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP24fk0310514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0310514"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP24fk0210129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0210129"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP24fk0210140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0210140"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP24fk0210112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0210112"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP21H04823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21H04823"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP18K07966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K07966"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP24K11086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K11086"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the promotion of Science","award":["JP24fk0310514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0310514"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the promotion of Science","award":["JP24fk0210129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0210129"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the promotion of Science","award":["JP24fk0210140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0210140"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the promotion of Science","award":["JP24fk0210112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0210112"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the promotion of Science","award":["JP21H04823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21H04823"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the promotion of Science","award":["JP18K07966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K07966"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the promotion of Science","award":["JP24K11086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K11086"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP24fk0310514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0310514"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP24fk0210129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0210129"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP24fk0210140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0210140"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP24fk0210112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0210112"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP21H04823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21H04823"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP18K07966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K07966"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP24K11086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K11086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>HBV infection is challenging to cure due to the persistence of viral covalently closed circular viral DNA (cccDNA). The dedicator of cytokinesis 11 (DOCK11) is recognized as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for CDC42 that has been reported to be required for HBV persistence. DOCK11 is expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of human hepatocytes and is functionally associated with retrograde trafficking proteins Arf-GAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat, and pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein 2 (AGAP2), and ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), together with the HBV capsid, in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). This opens an alternative retrograde trafficking route for HBV from early endosomes (EEs) to the TGN and then to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby avoiding lysosomal degradation. DOCK11 also facilitates the association of cccDNA with H3K4me3 and RNA Pol II for activating cccDNA transcription. In addition, DOCK11 plays a crucial role in the host DNA repair system, being essential for cccDNA synthesis. This function can be inhibited by 10M-D42AN, a novel DOCK11-binding peptide, leading to the suppression of HBV replication both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with a combination of 10M-D42AN and entecavir may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Consequently, DOCK11 may be seen as a potential candidate molecule in the development of molecularly targeted drugs against CHB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T13:20:24Z","timestamp":1715174424000},"page":"745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Roles Played by DOCK11, a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, in HBV Entry and Persistence in Hepatocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ying-Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0562-777X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Murai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junyan","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3050-5854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masao","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.01.006","article-title":"Zizimin2: A Novel, DOCK180-Related Cdc42 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Expressed Predominantly in Lymphocytes","volume":"579","author":"Nishikimi","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35253","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M606248200","article-title":"Identification of a DOCK180-Related Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor That Is Capable of Mediating a Positive Feedback Activation of Cdc42","volume":"281","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb835","article-title":"Zizimin1, a Novel Cdc42 Activator, Reveals a New GEF Domain for Rho Proteins","volume":"4","author":"Meller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.04.003","article-title":"Dock10, a Novel CZH Protein Selectively Induced by Interleukin-4 in Human B Lymphocytes","volume":"45","author":"Yelo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2007.05.001","article-title":"GEF What? Dock180 and Related Proteins Help Rac to Polarize Cells in New Ways","volume":"17","author":"Vuori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2021.08.001","article-title":"Structural Insights into the Small GTPase Specificity of the DOCK Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors","volume":"71","author":"Ihara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4901","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00219","article-title":"Identification of an Evolutionary Conserved Superfamily of DOCK180-Related Proteins with Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Activity","volume":"115","author":"Vuori","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2014.06.003","article-title":"Dock-Family Exchange Factors in Cell Migration and Disease","volume":"93","author":"Gadea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2006.11.017","article-title":"Dock6, a Dock-C Subfamily Guanine Nucleotide Exchanger, Has the Dual Specificity for Rac1 and Cdc42 and Regulates Neurite Outgrowth","volume":"313","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson, A.P., Bitsina, C., Gray, J.L., Von Delft, F., and Brennan, P.E. (2021). RHO to the DOCK for GDP Disembarking: Structural Insights into the DOCK GTPase Nucleotide Exchange Factors. J. Biol. Chem., 296.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100521"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14523","article-title":"Structural Biology of DOCK-Family Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors","volume":"597","author":"Boland","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4937","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02671","article-title":"CZH Proteins: A New Family of Rho-GEFs","volume":"118","author":"Meller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.08.053","article-title":"DOCK10-Mediated Cdc42 Activation Is Necessary for Amoeboid Invasion of Melanoma Cells","volume":"18","author":"Gadea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.236349.113","article-title":"Insights into the Biological Functions of Dock Family Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors","volume":"28","author":"Laurin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.06.005","article-title":"Dock GEFs and Their Therapeutic Potential: Neuroprotection and Axon Regeneration","volume":"43","author":"Namekata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxz067","article-title":"DOCK Family Proteins: Key Players in Immune Surveillance Mechanisms","volume":"32","author":"Kunimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.06.003","article-title":"DOCK8 Deficiency: Insights into Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Management","volume":"181","author":"Biggs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13211","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.102517","article-title":"Structural Basis of Membrane Targeting by the Dock180 Family of Rho Family Guanine Exchange Factors (Rho-GEFs)","volume":"285","author":"Premkumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20071263","article-title":"Function of the N-Terminus of Zizimin1: Autoinhibition and Membrane Targeting","volume":"409","author":"Meller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.10.008","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Utilizes a Retrograde Trafficking Route via the Trans-Golgi Network to Avoid Lysosomal Degradation","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6342","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201900585","article-title":"Targeting the Small GTPase Superfamily through Their Regulatory Proteins","volume":"59","author":"Gray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174468","article-title":"Activation of Rho GTPases by DOCK Exchange Factors Is Mediated by a Nucleotide Sensor","volume":"325","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarro-corcuera, A., Ansorena, E., Montiel-duarte, C., and Iraburu, M.J. (2020). AGAP2: Modulating TGF\u03b21-Signaling in the Regulation of Liver Fibrosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041400"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz-lafuente, N., Minguela, A., Moraleda, J.M., Muro, M., and Parrado, A. (2021). Variable Distribution of Dock-d Proteins between Cytosol and Nucleoplasm in Cell Lines, Effect of Interleukin-4 on Dock10 in B-cell Lymphoid Neoplasms, and Validation of a New Dock10 Antiserum for Immunofluorescence Studies. Antibodies, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antib10030033"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ide, M., Tabata, N., Yonemura, Y., Shirasaki, T., Murai, K., Wang, Y., Ishida, A., Okada, H., Honda, M., and Kaneko, S. (2022). Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor DOCK11-Binding Peptide Fused with a Single Chain Antibody Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Replication. J. Biol. Chem., 298.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102097"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doan, P.T.B., Nio, K., Shimakami, T., Kuroki, K., Li, Y.Y., Sugimoto, S., Takayama, H., Okada, H., Kaneko, S., and Honda, M. (2023). Super-Resolution Microscopy Analysis of Hepatitis B Viral CccDNA and Host Factors. Viruses, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051178"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4933-9-2","article-title":"Age-Related Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Mouse Zizimin2, Induces Filopodia in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells","volume":"9","author":"Sakabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-021-00259-4","article-title":"The Immunosenescence-Related Factor DOCK11 Is Involved in Secondary Immune Responses of B Cells","volume":"19","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parrado, A. (2020). Expression of DOCK9 and DOCK11 Analyzed with Commercial Antibodies: Focus on Regulation of Mutually Exclusive First Exon Isoforms. Antibodies, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antib9030027"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30056-6","article-title":"Global Prevalence, Treatment, and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in 2016: A Modelling Study","volume":"3","author":"Gamkrelidze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104925","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus Biology and Life Cycle","volume":"182","author":"Tsukuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.013","article-title":"Covalently Closed Circular DNA: The Ultimate Therapeutic Target for Curing HBV Infections","volume":"75","author":"Martinez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a021386","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021386","article-title":"Hepadnavirus Genome Replication and Persistence","volume":"5","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashimoto, S., Shirasaki, T., Yamashita, T., Iwabuchi, S., Suzuki, Y., Takamura, Y., Ukita, Y., Deshimaru, S., Okayama, T., and Ikeo, K. (2021). DOCK11 and DENND2A Play Pivotal Roles in the Maintenance of Hepatitis B Virus in Host Cells. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246313"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12799","article-title":"Novel Reporter System to Monitor Early Stages of the Hepatitis B Virus Life Cycle","volume":"106","author":"Nishitsuji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrscher, C., Roingeard, P., and Blanchard, E. (2020). Hepatitis B Virus Entry into Cells. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9061486"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00049","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00049","article-title":"Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide Is a Functional Receptor for Human Hepatitis B and D Virus","volume":"2012","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8487","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811064116","article-title":"Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is a Host-Entry Cofactor Triggering Hepatitis B Virus Internalization","volume":"116","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0001-y","article-title":"Functions of Actin in Endocytosis","volume":"66","author":"Robertson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.150.5.F111","article-title":"Molecular Links between Endocytosis and the Actin Cytoskeleton","volume":"150","author":"Qualmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3072","article-title":"The Non-Canonical Roles of Clathrin and Actin in Pathogen Internalization, Egress and Spread","volume":"11","author":"Humphries","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6415","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00393-13","article-title":"Regulation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection by Rab5, Rab7, and the Endolysosomal Compartment","volume":"87","author":"Macovei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01777-14","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01777-14","article-title":"Vesicular Trafficking of Incoming Human Papillomavirus 16 to the Golgi Apparatus and Endoplasmic Reticulum Requires \u03b3-Secretase Activity","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.12.009","article-title":"Tracing the Retrograde Route in Protein Trafficking","volume":"135","author":"Johannes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.02.003","article-title":"Subversion of Retrograde Trafficking by Translocated Pathogen Effectors","volume":"24","author":"Personnic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3117","article-title":"ARF Family G Proteins and Their Regulators: Roles in Membrane Transport, Development and Disease","volume":"12","author":"Donaldson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64507","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64507","article-title":"A Fusion Peptide in Pres1 and the Human Protein-Disulfide Isomerase Erp57 Are Involved in Hepatitis b Virus Membrane Fusion Process","volume":"10","author":"Teppa","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, B., and Hildt, E. (2020). Intracellular Trafficking of HBV Particles. Cells, 2.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092023"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20950","article-title":"A Novel System for Efficient Gene Transfer into Primary Human Hepatocytes via Cell-Permeable Hepatitis B Virus-like Particle","volume":"42","author":"Brandenburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08411-x","article-title":"Nuclear Lipid Droplets Derive from a Lipoprotein Precursor and Regulate Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis","volume":"10","author":"Ohsaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5465","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02303-05","article-title":"Lipid-Mediated Introduction of Hepatitis B Virus Capsids into Nonsusceptible Cells Allows Highly Efficient Replication and Facilitates the Study of Early Infection Events","volume":"80","author":"Rabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01607","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01607","article-title":"Arf1\/COPI Machinery Acts Directly on Lipid Droplets and Enables Their Connection to the ER for Protein Targeting","volume":"3","author":"Wilfling","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schreiner, S., and Nassal, M. (2017). A Role for the Host DNA Damage Response in Hepatitis B Virus CccDNA Formation\u2014And Beyond?. Viruses, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/v9050125"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00922-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00922-20","article-title":"Characterization of the Termini of Cytoplasmic Hepatitis B Virus Deproteinated Relaxed Circular DNA","volume":"95","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21850-9","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus CccDNA Is Formed through Distinct Repair Processes of Each Strand","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01805-9","article-title":"DNA Damage Causes Rapid Accumulation of Phosphoinositides for ATR Signaling","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5715","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518090112","article-title":"Mapping of Histone Modifications in Episomal HBV CccDNA Uncovers an Unusual Chromatin Organization Amenable to Epigenetic Manipulation","volume":"112","author":"Tropberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29479","article-title":"Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA: Implications for Epigenetic Therapy against Chronic Hepatitis B","volume":"66","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83339","article-title":"In Situ Analysis of Intrahepatic Virological Events in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection","volume":"126","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8197","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605871113","article-title":"C-Terminal Domain (CTD) Phosphatase Links Rho GTPase Signaling to Pol II CTD Phosphorylation in Arabidopsis and Yeast","volume":"113","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21860","article-title":"Identification of Novel Smad2 and Smad3 Associated Proteins in Response to TGF-\u03921","volume":"105","author":"Brown","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1075","article-title":"Tumour-Cell Invasion and Migration: Diversity and Escape Mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Friedl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00758.x","article-title":"Improved Gene Expression Signature of Testicular Carcinoma in Situ","volume":"30","author":"Almstrup","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2210054","article-title":"Systemic Inflammation and Normocytic Anemia in DOCK11 Deficiency","volume":"389","author":"Block","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"2713","article-title":"DOCK11 Deficiency in Patients with X-Linked Actinopathy and Autoimmunity","volume":"141","author":"Boussard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6218","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7218","article-title":"Pharmacological Inhibition of Dock5 Prevents Osteolysis by Affecting Osteoclast Podosome Organization While Preserving Bone Formation","volume":"6","author":"Vives","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.282","article-title":"The Rac1 Exchange Factor Dock5 Is Essential for Bone Resorption by Osteoclasts","volume":"26","author":"Vives","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2012.03.008","article-title":"Blockade of Inflammatory Responses by a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the Rac Activator DOCK2","volume":"19","author":"Nishikimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.04.016","article-title":"Targeting Ras-Driven Cancer Cell Survival and Invasion through Selective Inhibition of DOCK1","volume":"19","author":"Tajiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/5\/745\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:41:51Z","timestamp":1760107311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/5\/745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["v16050745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v16050745","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]}}}