{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:55:56Z","timestamp":1770890156324,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC3041500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3041500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Changping Laboratory","award":["2023YFC3041500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3041500"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neutralizing antibodies targeting the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, elicited either by natural infection or vaccination, are crucial for protection against the virus. Nonetheless, the emergence of viral escape mutants presents ongoing challenges by contributing to breakthrough infections. To define the evolution trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 within the immune population, we co-incubated replication-competent rVSV\/SARS-CoV-2\/GFP chimeric viruses with sera from COVID-19 convalescents. Our findings revealed that the E484D mutation contributes to increased viral resistant against both convalescent and vaccinated sera, while the L1265R\/H1271Y double mutation enhanced viral infectivity in 293T-hACE2 and Vero cells. These findings suggest that under the selective pressure of polyclonal antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to accumulate mutations that facilitate either immune evasion or greater infectivity, facilitating its adaption to neutralizing antibody responses. Although the mutations identified in this study currently exhibit low prevalence in the circulating SARS-CoV-2 populations, the continuous and meticulous surveillance of viral mutations remains crucial. Moreover, there is an urgent necessity to develop next-generation antibody therapeutics and vaccines that target diverse, less mutation-prone antigenic sites to ensure more comprehensive and durable immune protection against SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T10:26:36Z","timestamp":1715682396000},"page":"763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["COVID-19 Serum Drives Spike-Mediated SARS-CoV-2 Variation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuanling","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV\/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV\/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV\/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Yunling Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youchun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4246-8889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV\/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11727","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003138117","article-title":"Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"117","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. 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