{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:02:37Z","timestamp":1782216157750,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Meridian Bioscience\/Prolab Chile"},{"name":"The Improvement Program for Institutional Excellence, University of Chile (PEEI)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Several screening strategies for identifying congenital CMV (cCMV) have been proposed; however, the optimal solution has yet to be determined. We aimed to determine the prevalence of cCMV by universal screening with saliva pool testing and to identify the clinical variables associated with a higher risk of cCMV to optimize an expanded screening strategy. Methods: We carried out a prospective universal cCMV screening (September\/2022 to August\/2023) of 2186 newborns, analyzing saliva samples in pools of five (Alethia-LAMP-CMV\u00ae) and then performed confirmatory urine CMV RT-PCR. Infants with risk factors (small for gestational age, failed hearing screening, HIV-exposed, born to immunosuppressed mothers, or &lt;1000 g birth weight) underwent expanded screening. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the association with maternal\/neonatal variables. Results: We identified 10 infants with cCMV (prevalence: 0.46%, 95% CI 0.22\u20130.84), with significantly higher rates (2.1%, 95% CI 0.58\u20135.3) in the high-risk group (p = 0.04). False positives occurred in 0.09% of cases. No significant differences in maternal\/neonatal characteristics were observed, except for a higher prevalence among infants born to non-Chilean mothers (p = 0.034), notably those born to Haitian mothers (1.5%, 95% CI 0.31\u20134.34), who had higher odds of cCMV (OR 6.82, 95% CI 1.23\u201337.9, p = 0.04). Incorporating maternal nationality improved predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.65 to 0.83). Conclusions: For low-prevalence diseases such as cCMV, universal screening with pool testing in saliva represents an optimal and cost-effective approach to enhance diagnosis in asymptomatic patients. An expanded screening strategy considering maternal nationality could be beneficial in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T10:26:36Z","timestamp":1715682396000},"page":"772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Universal and Expanded Screening Strategy for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Is Pool Testing by a Rapid Molecular Test in Saliva a New Choice in Developing Countries?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1513-0161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giannina","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"},{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Exequiel Gonz\u00e1lez Cort\u00e9s, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"},{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Sepulveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eledier","family":"Mardones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonel","family":"Villavicencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Lucio C\u00f3rdova, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Montecinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Lucio C\u00f3rdova, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Tarque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Lucio C\u00f3rdova, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Lucio C\u00f3rdova, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlon","family":"Barraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Unit Santiago, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Farf\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00062-12","article-title":"The \u201csilent\u201d global burden of congenital cytomegalovirus","volume":"26","author":"Manicklal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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