{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:16:09Z","timestamp":1787030169129,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["CFH, shoufa-2022-1G-1131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFH, shoufa-2022-1G-1131"]}]},{"name":"Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["shoufa 2022-4G-1133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["shoufa 2022-4G-1133"]}]},{"name":"Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["Discipline Leader-02-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Discipline Leader-02-20"]}]},{"name":"High Level Technical Talent Construction Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission","award":["CFH, shoufa-2022-1G-1131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFH, shoufa-2022-1G-1131"]}]},{"name":"High Level Technical Talent Construction Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission","award":["shoufa 2022-4G-1133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["shoufa 2022-4G-1133"]}]},{"name":"High Level Technical Talent Construction Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission","award":["Discipline Leader-02-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Discipline Leader-02-20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recombination events in human adenovirus (HAdV) have led to some new highly pathogenic or infectious types. It is vital to monitor recombinant HAdVs, especially in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs). In the retrospective study, HAdV positive specimens were collected from pediatric patients with ARIs during 2015 to 2021, then typed by sequence analysis of the penton base, hexon and fiber gene sequence. For those with inconsistent typing results, a modified method with species-specific primer sets of a fiber gene sequence was developed to distinguish co-infections of different types from recombinant HAdV infections. Then, plaque assays combined with meta-genomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) were used to reveal the HAdV genomic characteristics. There were 466 cases positive for HAdV DNA (2.89%, 466\/16,097) and 350 (75.11%, 350\/466) successfully typed with the most prevalent types HAdV-B3 (56.57%, 198\/350) and HAdV-B7 (32.00%, 112\/350), followed by HAdV-C1 (6.00%, 21\/350). Among 35 cases (7.51%, 35\/466) with inconsistent typing results, nine cases were confirmed as co-infections by different types of HAdVs, and 26 cases as recombinant HAdVs in six genetic patterns primarily clustered to species C (25 cases) in pattern 1\u20135, or species D (1 case) in pattern 6. The novel recombinant HAdV of species D was identified with multiple recombinant events among HAdV-D53, HAdV-D64, and HAdV-D8, and officially named as HAdV-D115. High-frequency recombination of HAdVs in six genetic recombination patterns were identified among children with ARIs in Beijing. Specifically, there is a novel Adenovirus D human\/CHN\/S8130\/2023\/115[P22H8F8] designed as HAdV D115.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16060828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T05:35:20Z","timestamp":1716442520000},"page":"828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["High-Frequency Recombination of Human Adenovirus in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Beijing, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fangming","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1055-1327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ri","family":"De","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1772-7946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenzhi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanpeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2480-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.003087-0","article-title":"Adenoviruses: Update on structure and function","volume":"90","author":"Russell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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