{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:54:23Z","timestamp":1774659263020,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Following an interseasonal rise in mainly pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases in Germany in 2021, an exceptionally high number of adult cases was observed in the subsequent respiratory season of 2022\/2023. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical presentation of RSV infections in the pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic periods. Additionally, the local epidemiology of the RSV fusion protein was analyzed at a molecular genetic and amino acid level. RSV detections in adults peaked in calendar week 1 of 2023, 8 weeks earlier than the earliest peak observed in the three pre-pandemic seasons. Although the median age of the adult patients was not different (66.5 vs. 65 years), subtle differences between both periods regarding comorbidities and the clinical presentation of RSV cases were noted. High rates of comorbidities prevailed; however, significantly lower numbers of patients with a history of lung transplantation (p = 0.009), chronic kidney disease (p = 0.013), and immunosuppression (p = 0.038) were observed in the 2022\/2023 season. In contrast, significantly more lower respiratory tract infections (p &lt; 0.001), in particular in the form of pneumonia (p = 0.015) and exacerbations of obstructive lung diseases (p = 0.008), were detected. An ICU admission was noted for 23.7% of all patients throughout the study period. Sequence analysis of the fusion protein gene revealed a close phylogenetic relatedness, regardless of the season of origin. However, especially for RSV-B, an accumulation of amino acid point substitutions was noted, including in antigenic site \u00d8. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had a tremendous impact on the seasonality of RSV, and the introduction of new vaccination and immunization strategies against RSV warrants further epidemiologic studies of this important pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16060943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T06:47:30Z","timestamp":1718174850000},"page":"943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adult Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Germany: Clinical Features and Molecular Epidemiology of the Fusion Protein in the Severe Respiratory Season of 2022\/2023"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7517-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"H\u00f6nemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Johannisalle 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4158-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Johannisalle 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2843-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin","family":"Frille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Thiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Johannisalle 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Bergs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Johannisalle 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C\/ Sinesio Delgado, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6942-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"L\u00fcbbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6029-3368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinna","family":"Pietsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Johannisalle 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-013-8368-9","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus\u2014A comprehensive review","volume":"45","author":"Borchers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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