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However, achieving this goal is complicated by the virus\u2019s direct interactions with immune cells, the induction of persistent reservoirs in the immune system cells, and multiple strategies developed by the virus for immune evasion. Meanwhile, HIV and SIV infections induce a pandysfunction of the immune cell populations, making it difficult to untangle the various concurrent mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis. Over the years, one of the most successful approaches for dissecting the immune correlates of protection in HIV\/SIV infection has been the in vivo depletion of various immune cell populations and assessment of the impact of these depletions on the outcome of infection in non-human primate models. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the strategies and results of manipulating SIV pathogenesis through in vivo depletions of key immune cells populations. Although each of these methods has its limitations, they have all contributed to our understanding of key pathogenic pathways in HIV\/SIV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16060972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T12:48:40Z","timestamp":1718628520000},"page":"972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Making a Monkey out of Human Immunodeficiency Virus\/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis: Immune Cell Depletion Experiments as a Tool to Understand the Immune Correlates of Protection and Pathogenicity in HIV Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2030-7005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen","family":"Symmonds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaidra","family":"Gaufin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0687-7714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Raehtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-8241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruy M.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivona","family":"Pandrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0322-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Apetrei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2023, October 08). 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