{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:44:31Z","timestamp":1788864271302,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health","award":["U01AI151758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151758"]}]},{"name":"National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health","award":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"]}]},{"name":"Africa CDC Pathogen Genomics Initiative","award":["U01AI151758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151758"]}]},{"name":"Africa CDC Pathogen Genomics Initiative","award":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"]}]},{"name":"Senegalese Ministry of Health","award":["U01AI151758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151758"]}]},{"name":"Senegalese Ministry of Health","award":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"]}]},{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Dakar (WHO CC)","award":["U01AI151758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151758"]}]},{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Dakar (WHO CC)","award":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4306-22-EIPHLSS-GENOMICS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging vector-borne zoonosis with a high public health and veterinary impact. In West Africa, many lineages were previously detected, but since 2020, lineage H from South Africa has been the main cause of the outbreaks. In this study, clinical samples collected through national surveillance were screened for RVF virus (RVFV) acute infection by RT-PCR and IgM ELISA tests. Sequencing, genome mapping and in vitro phenotypic characterization in mammal cells were performed on RT-PCR positive samples in comparison with other epidemic lineages (G and C). Four RVFV human cases were detected in Senegal and the sequence analyses revealed that the strains belonged to lineage H. The in vitro kinetics and genome mapping showed different replication efficiency profiles for the tested RVFV lineages and non-conservative mutations, which were more common to lineage G or specific to lineage H. Our findings showed the re-emergence of lineage H in Senegal in 2022, its high viral replication efficiency in vitro and support the findings that genetic diversity affects viral replication. This study gives new insights into the biological properties of lineage H and calls for deeper studies to better assess its potential to cause a future threat in Senegal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T10:10:07Z","timestamp":1719310207000},"page":"1018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Re-Emergence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Lineage H in Senegal in 2022: In Vitro Characterization and Impact on Its Global Emergence in West Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9047-6330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ousseynou","family":"Sene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samba Niang","family":"Sagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research & Data Science, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndeye Sakha","family":"Bob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moundhir","family":"Mhamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIATROPIX, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8584-5592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idrissa","family":"Dieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8550-7737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aboubacry","family":"Gaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research & Data Science, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoua","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9911-0176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moussa","family":"Dia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7271-2960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sokhna Mayemouna","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoro","family":"Sall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dakar 10700, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5950-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boly","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dakar 10700, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dakar 10700, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9582-4197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheikh","family":"Loucoubar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research & Data Science, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Simon-Lori\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anavaj","family":"Sakuntabhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genetics of Infectious Disease Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR2000, Department of Global Health, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"International Vaccine Design Center (vDesC), the Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ousmane","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadou Alpha","family":"Sall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for 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Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou Aliou","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research & Data Science, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5035-1325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamou","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700340418","article-title":"Enzootic Hepatitis or Rift Valley Fever. 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