{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T15:52:34Z","timestamp":1783180354044,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["31972717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972717"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["2023YFE0106100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0106100"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["31972717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972717"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["2023YFE0106100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0106100"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","award":["31972717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972717"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","award":["2023YFE0106100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0106100"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses","award":["31972717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972717"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses","award":["2023YFE0106100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0106100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marek\u2019s disease (MD), caused by the Marek\u2019s disease virus (MDV), is a common infectious tumor disease in chickens and was the first neoplastic disease preventable by vaccination. However, the vaccine cannot completely prevent virulent MDV infections, allowing both the vaccine and virulent MDV to coexist in the same chicken for extended periods. This study aims to investigate the changes in viral load of the very virulent strain Md5 and the rHVT-IBD vaccine in different chicken tissues using a real-time PCR assay. The results showed that the rHVT-IBD vaccine significantly reduced the viral load of MDV-Md5 in different organs, while the load of rHVT-IBD was significantly increased when co-infected with Md5. Additionally, co-infection with Md5 and rHVT-IBD in chickens not only changed the original viral load of both viruses but also affected the positive rate of Md5 at 14 days post-vaccination. The positive rate decreased from 100% to 14.29% (feather tips), 0% (skin), 33.33% (liver), 16.67% (spleen), 28.57% (thymus), 33.33% (bursa), and 66.67% (PBL), respectively. This study enhances our understanding of the interactions between HVT vector vaccines and very virulent MDV in chickens and provides valuable insights for the future development of MD vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T13:26:43Z","timestamp":1719494803000},"page":"1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dynamic Changes in Viral Loads during Co-Infection with a Recombinant Turkey Herpesvirus Vector Vaccine and Very Virulent Marek\u2019s Disease Virus In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanchang Boehringer\u2014Ingelheim Animal Health Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin-sen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mo-ru","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-xia","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8900-1848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-bin","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanchang Boehringer\u2014Ingelheim Animal Health Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5779-273X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ai-jian","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurung, A., Kamble, N., Kaufer, B.B., Pathan, A., and Behboudi, S. 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PLoS Pathog., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010745"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/7\/1042\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:06:40Z","timestamp":1760108800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/7\/1042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["v16071042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v16071042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]}}}