{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:14:29Z","timestamp":1760145269540,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences Hellas"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study assesses the prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in Greece. Given the compounding effects of HDV and hepatitis B (HBV) on liver disease progression, as well as the emergence of new therapeutic options such as bulevirtide, understanding regional disparities and the epidemiological impact of such co-infections is vital. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted utilizing 696 serum samples from PLWHIV attending five major university hospitals. The methodology included HDV antibody detection by ELISA and HDV RNA confirmation. Of the 30 HBsAg-positive samples analyzed, the study population was primarily male (93%), with a median age of 54 years. Participants had been on antiretroviral therapy for a median of 10 years, and the median CD4 count was 738 (539\u20131006) copies\/mL. Additional serological findings revealed a 7% prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) IgG antibodies and a 55% prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgG antibodies. Seroreactivity for syphilis (RPR\/VDRL\/TPHA positive) was identified in 33% of the participants. The results indicated a low HDV prevalence, with only one individual (3%) testing positive for anti-HDV IgG antibodies and none for HDV RNA. This indicates a lower prevalence of HDV among PLWHIV with chronic HBV in Greece compared to global data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T05:22:38Z","timestamp":1719552158000},"page":"1044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Hepatitis D in People Living with HIV: A National Cross-Sectional Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Schinas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolina","family":"Antonopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Vamvakopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6503-0284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Tsachouridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cAHEPA\u201d, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5404-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Protopapas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Petrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil C.","family":"Petrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Despoina","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simeon","family":"Metallidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cAHEPA\u201d, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4735-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Barbounakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0255-5926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diamantis","family":"Kofteridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Periklis","family":"Panagopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Lekkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fotini","family":"Paliogianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4289-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Akinosoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"},{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Netter, H.J., Barrios, M.H., Littlejohn, M., and Yuen, L.K.W. 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