{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:16:24Z","timestamp":1785773784984,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"World Health Organization","award":["RC2HL101632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2HL101632"]}]},{"name":"World Health Organization","award":["200-2014-M-59495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200-2014-M-59495"]}]},{"name":"World Health Organization","award":["200-2015-M-81883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200-2015-M-81883"]}]},{"name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS-III) program","award":["RC2HL101632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2HL101632"]}]},{"name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS-III) program","award":["200-2014-M-59495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200-2014-M-59495"]}]},{"name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS-III) program","award":["200-2015-M-81883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200-2015-M-81883"]}]},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","award":["RC2HL101632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2HL101632"]}]},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","award":["200-2014-M-59495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200-2014-M-59495"]}]},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","award":["200-2015-M-81883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200-2015-M-81883"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In response to the 2015 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic that occurred in Brazil, numerous commercial serological assays have been developed for clinical and research applications. Diagnosis of recent infection in pregnant women remains challenging. Having standardized, comparative studies of ZIKV tests is important for implementing optimal diagnostic testing and disease surveillance. This is especially important for serology tests used to detect ZIKV infection given that antibodies against ZIKV can cross-react with other arboviruses in the same virus family, such as dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV) and West Nile virus (WNV). We looked at the sensitivity and specificity of tests detecting ZIKV antibodies (IgM, IgG) from multiple manufacturers using panels of samples previously collected with known exposure to ZIKV and other arboviruses. We found that performance of the IgM tests was highly variable, with only one test (Inbios 2.0 IgM capture ELISA) having both high sensitivity and specificity. All IgG tests showed good sensitivity; however, specificity was highly variable, with some assays giving false-positive results on samples infected by another flavivirus. Overall, the results confirmed that accurate ZIKV antibody testing is challenging, especially in specimens from regions endemic for multiple other flaviviruses, and highlight the importance of available and suitable reference samples to evaluate ZIKV diagnostics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T11:35:57Z","timestamp":1720006557000},"page":"1075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Select Serological Assays for Zika Virus Using Blinded Reference Panels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8228-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devy M.","family":"Emperador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pandemic Threats Programme, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), 1218 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5619-2767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mars","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7046-7245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard","family":"Grebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0268-750X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Escadafal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pandemic Threats Programme, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), 1218 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honey","family":"Dave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Lackritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention Department, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4526-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra","family":"Kelly-Cirino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pandemic Threats Programme, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), 1218 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Rabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention Department, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0241-6416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana P.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention Department, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1446-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9615-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808246","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection\u2014After the Pandemic","volume":"381","author":"Musso","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. 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