{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:02:20Z","timestamp":1792789340191,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation Hospices Civils de Lyon"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the main causes of healthcare-associated infection in Europe that increases patient morbidity and mortality. Multi-resistant pathogens are a major public health issue in burn centers. Mortality increases when the initial antibiotic treatment is inappropriate, especially if the patient is infected with P. aeruginosa strains that are resistant to many antibiotics. Phage therapy is an emerging option to treat severe P. aeruginosa infections. It involves using natural viruses called bacteriophages, which have the ability to infect, replicate, and, theoretically, destroy the P. aeruginosa population in an infected patient. We report here the case of a severely burned patient who experienced relapsing ventilator-associated pneumonia associated with skin graft infection and bacteremia due to extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa. The patient was successfully treated with personalized nebulized and intravenous phage therapy in combination with immunostimulation (interferon-\u03b3) and last-resort antimicrobial therapy (imipenem-relebactam).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T03:48:56Z","timestamp":1720151336000},"page":"1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Phage Therapy in a Burn Patient Colonized with Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Responsible for Relapsing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Bacteriemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Teney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre des Grands Br\u00fbl\u00e9s Pierre Colson, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot; Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Poupelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre des Grands Br\u00fbl\u00e9s Pierre Colson, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot; Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Briot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacie de Centre Hospitalier Nord, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrtille","family":"Le Bouar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Fevre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phaxiam Therapeutics, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, B\u00e2timent Bioserra, 69008 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Brosset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Chirurgie Plastique et Reconstructrice, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot; Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5574-2480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre des Grands Br\u00fbl\u00e9s Pierre Colson, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot; Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Valour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France"},{"name":"Centre International d\u2019Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, 46 All\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiphaine","family":"Roussel-Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Agents Infectieux, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Leboucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacie de Centre Hospitalier Nord, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Ader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France"},{"name":"Centre International d\u2019Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, 46 All\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9372-1533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Claire","family":"Lukaszewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre des Grands Br\u00fbl\u00e9s Pierre Colson, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot; Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3082-7001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristan","family":"Ferry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France"},{"name":"Centre International d\u2019Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, 46 All\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Education and Clinical Officer of the ESCMID Study Group for Non-Traditional Antibacterial Therapy (ESGNTA), 4051 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01635-6","article-title":"The epidemiology and pathogenesis and treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: An update","volume":"81","author":"Reynolds","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023, July 01). 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