{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:43:19Z","timestamp":1791852199622,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt","award":["GM1149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM1149"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marek\u2019s disease virus (MDV) can cause severe immunosuppression in chickens. Our previous study showed that infection with very virulent plus (vv+) MDV strains of one-day-old commercial meat-type chickens possessing maternal antibodies against MDV resulted in severe depletion of splenocytes at 28\u201330 days of age. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of vv+MDV strain 686 on splenic immunophenotypes at 6, 20, and 30 days post-infection (dpi). Both live and dead cells were analyzed, and the data were statistically compared to the uninfected control. The results revealed a decrease in the total live cell population starting on day 20, primarily affecting B cells, CD8\u03b2+, and gamma delta (\u03b3\u03b4) T cells, while the frequencies of both live and dead CD3+ and CD4+ T cells were increased. The MHC-I expression of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells was higher at 20 and 30 dpi, while the expression of MHC-II on these cells was downregulated at 6 dpi but was upregulated at 30 dpi. Collectively, these results suggest that maternal antibodies seem to delay the negative effects of vv+MDV on the splenic lymphoid populations, albeit being non-protective. Our results emphasize the importance of MD vaccination in vv+MDV endemic areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T04:52:49Z","timestamp":1720414369000},"page":"1092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Temporal Changes in Splenic Immune Cell Populations following Infection with a Very Virulent plus MDV in Commercial Meat-Type Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nagwa","family":"Khaled","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"},{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Monofiya 23511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1126-7494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raveendra R.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8764-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"K\u00e4ser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel M.","family":"Gimeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Saif, Y.M., Fadly, A.M., Glisson, J.R., McDougald, L.R., Nolan, L.K., and Swayne, D.E. 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