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The safety profile of the two chimeric marker vaccine candidates, particularly in the potential reversion to virulence, was evaluated. Each virus was administered to pigs with a dose equivalent to the vaccination dose, and pooled tonsil homogenates were subsequently inoculated into further pigs. Chimeric virus vGPE\u2212\/PAPeV Erns displayed the most substantial attenuation, achieving this within only two passages, whereas vGPE\u2212\/PhoPeV Erns was detectable until the third passage and disappeared entirely by the fourth passage. The vGPE\u2212 strain, assessed alongside, consistently exhibited stable virus recovery across each passage without any signs of increased virulence in pigs. In vitro assays revealed that the type I interferon-inducing capacity of vGPE\u2212\/PAPeV Erns was significantly higher than that of vGPE\u2212\/PhoPeV Erns and vGPE\u2212. In conclusion, the safety profile of the two chimeric marker vaccine candidates was affirmed. Further research is essential to ensure the stability of their attenuation and safety in diverse pig populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T08:47:41Z","timestamp":1720774061000},"page":"1120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of the Safety Profile of Chimeric Marker Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever: Reversion to Virulence Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9922-4802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loc Tan","family":"Huynh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikihiro","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gifu Hida Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Gifu 506-8688, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung Dinh","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lim Yik","family":"Hew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Hiono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"},{"name":"One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan"},{"name":"Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3480-988X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norikazu","family":"Isoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"},{"name":"One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan"},{"name":"Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7021-1688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Sakoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"},{"name":"One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan"},{"name":"Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198151","article-title":"Classical Swine Fever Virus: The Past, Present and Future","volume":"289","author":"Ganges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13919","article-title":"Risks of Introduction and Economic Consequences Associated with African Swine Fever, Classical Swine Fever and Foot-And-Mouth Disease: A Review of the Literature","volume":"68","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transbound. 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