{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T02:39:32Z","timestamp":1781318372669,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VETLAB network initiative of the Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture"},{"name":"Peaceful Uses Initiatives (PUI) by Japan and the United States of America"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) are the three members of the genus Capripoxvirus within the Poxviridae family and are the etiologic agents of sheeppox (SPP), goatpox (GTP), and lumpy skin disease (LSD), respectively. LSD, GTP, and SPP are endemic in Africa and Asia, causing severe disease outbreaks with significant economic losses in livestock. Incursions of SPP and LSD have occurred in Europe. Vaccination with live attenuated homologous and heterologous viruses are routinely implemented to control these diseases. Using the gold standard virus neutralization test, we studied the ability of homologous and heterologous sera to neutralize the SPPV and LSDV. We found that LSD and SPP sera effectively neutralize their homologous viruses, and GTP sera can neutralize SPPV. However, while LSD sera effectively neutralizes SPPV, SPP and GTP sera cannot neutralize the LSDV to the same extent. We discuss the implications of these observations in disease assay methodology and heterologous vaccine efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T08:35:17Z","timestamp":1721032517000},"page":"1127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Different Neutralizing Antibody Responses of Heterologous Sera on Sheeppox and Lumpy Skin Disease Viruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Berguido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2598-9324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard Thiga","family":"Kangethe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Shell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, AGES\u2014Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Robert Koch-Gasse 17, 2340 M\u00f6dling, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viskam","family":"Wijewardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4501-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reingard","family":"Grabherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cattoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1899-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles Euloge","family":"Lamien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(93)90094-E","article-title":"Control of Capripoxvirus Infections","volume":"11","author":"Carn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6054","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.12.6054-6061.2002","article-title":"The Genomes of Sheeppox and Goatpox Viruses","volume":"76","author":"Tulman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diallo, A., and Viljoen, G.J. (2007). Genus Capripoxvirus. 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