{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:42:09Z","timestamp":1791895329077,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23jm0110019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23jm0110019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23wm0125008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23wm0125008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023a018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023a018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure from AMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23jm0110019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23jm0110019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure from AMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23wm0125008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23wm0125008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure from AMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023a018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023a018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute (Kaketsuken)","award":["JP23jm0110019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23jm0110019"]}]},{"name":"Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute (Kaketsuken)","award":["JP23wm0125008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23wm0125008"]}]},{"name":"Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute (Kaketsuken)","award":["2023a018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023a018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Filoviruses are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses often associated with severe and highly lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates, with case fatality rates as high as 90%. Of the known filoviruses, Ebola virus (EBOV), the prototype of the genus Orthoebolavirus, has been a major public health concern as it frequently causes outbreaks and was associated with an unprecedented outbreak in several Western African countries in 2013\u20132016, affecting 28,610 people, 11,308 of whom died. Thereafter, filovirus research mostly focused on EBOV, paying less attention to other equally deadly orthoebolaviruses (Sudan, Bundibugyo, and Ta\u00ef Forest viruses) and orthomarburgviruses (Marburg and Ravn viruses). Some of these filoviruses have emerged in nonendemic areas, as exemplified by four Marburg disease outbreaks recorded in Guinea, Ghana, Tanzania, and Equatorial Guinea between 2021 and 2023. Similarly, the Sudan virus has reemerged in Uganda 10 years after the last recorded outbreak. Moreover, several novel bat-derived filoviruses have been discovered in the last 15 years (Lloviu virus, Bombali virus, M\u011bngl\u00e0 virus, and Dehong virus), most of which are poorly characterized but may display a wide host range. These novel viruses have the potential to cause outbreaks in humans. Several gaps are yet to be addressed regarding known and emerging filoviruses. These gaps include the virus ecology and pathogenicity, mechanisms of zoonotic transmission, host range and susceptibility, and the development of specific medical countermeasures. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on non-Ebola filoviruses (Bombali virus, Bundibugyo virus, Reston virus, Sudan virus, Tai Forest virus, Marburg virus, Ravn virus, Lloviu virus, M\u011bngl\u00e0 virus, and Dehong virus) and suggest some strategies to accelerate specific countermeasure development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16081179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T08:47:17Z","timestamp":1721810837000},"page":"1179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Non-Ebola Filoviruses: Potential Threats to Global Health Security"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8303-318X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannick","family":"Munyeku-Bazitama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan"},{"name":"Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie M\u00e9dicale, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 123, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9984-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francois","family":"Edidi-Atani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan"},{"name":"Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie M\u00e9dicale, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 123, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2464-6642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayato","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan"},{"name":"One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-023-05834-2","article-title":"Renaming of Genera Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus to Orthoebolavirus and Orthomarburgvirus, Respectively, and Introduction of Binomial Species Names within Family Filoviridae","volume":"168","author":"Biedenkopf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. 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