{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:43:56Z","timestamp":1789134236469,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI101935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI101935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI124346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI124346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI160179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI160179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR056296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR056296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA253095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA253095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities","award":["AI101935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI101935"]}]},{"name":"American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities","award":["AI124346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI124346"]}]},{"name":"American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities","award":["AI160179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI160179"]}]},{"name":"American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities","award":["AR056296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR056296"]}]},{"name":"American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities","award":["CA253095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA253095"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against \u03b2-coronaviruses (\u03b2-CoVs), a family of viruses that includes SARS-CoV-2. Viral sensing via pattern recognition receptors triggers inflammation and cell death, which are essential components of the innate immune response that facilitate viral clearance. However, excessive activation of the innate immune system and inflammatory cell death can result in uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in cytokine storm and pathology. PANoptosis, innate immune, inflammatory cell death initiated by innate immune sensors and driven by caspases and RIPKs through PANoptosome complexes, has been implicated in the pathology of viral infections. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating PANoptosis in response to \u03b2-CoV infection is critical for identifying new therapeutic targets that can mitigate disease severity. In the current study, we analyzed findings from a cell death-based CRISPR screen with archetypal \u03b2-CoV mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) as the trigger to characterize host molecules required for inflammatory cell death. As a result, we identified SMARCA4, a chromatin regulator, as a putative host factor required for PANoptosis in response to MHV. Furthermore, we observed that gRNA-mediated deletion of Smarca4 inhibited MHV-induced PANoptotic cell death in macrophages. These findings have potential translational and clinical implications for the advancement of treatment strategies for \u03b2-CoVs and other infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16081261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T11:54:19Z","timestamp":1722945259000},"page":"1261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Chromatin Regulator SMARCA4 Is Essential for MHV-Induced Inflammatory Cell Death, PANoptosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"R. K. Subbarao","family":"Malireddi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6395-6443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thirumala-Devi","family":"Kanneganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12912","article-title":"Intracellular innate immune receptors: Life inside the cell","volume":"297","author":"Kanneganti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol. 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