{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T21:42:40Z","timestamp":1769722960749,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16KN073265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KN073265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16KN073266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KN073266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses a significant global health threat, with an estimated 20 million infections occurring annually. Despite being a self-limiting illness, in most cases, HEV infection can lead to severe outcomes, particularly in pregnant women and individuals with pre-existing liver disease. In the absence of specific antiviral treatments, the exploration of RNAi interference (RNAi) as a targeted strategy provides valuable insights for urgently needed therapeutic interventions against Hepatitis E. We designed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against HEV, which target the helicase domain and the open reading frame 3 (ORF3). These target regions will reduce the risk of viral escape through mutations, as they belong to the most conserved regions in the HEV genome. The siRNAs targeting the ORF3 efficiently inhibited viral replication in A549 cells after HEV infection. Importantly, the siRNA was also highly effective at inhibiting HEV in the persistently infected A549 cell line, which provides a suitable model for chronic infection in patients. Furthermore, we showed that a 5\u2032 triphosphate modification on the siRNA sense strand activates the RIG-I receptor, a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor that recognizes viral RNA. Upon activation, RIG-I triggers a signaling cascade, effectively suppressing HEV replication. This dual-action strategy, combining the activation of the adaptive immune response and the inherent RNAi pathway, inhibits HEV replication successfully and may lead to the development of new therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16091378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T08:01:47Z","timestamp":1724918507000},"page":"1378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Combining RNA Interference and RIG-I Activation to Inhibit Hepatitis E Virus Replication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mathias","family":"Ziersch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0729-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Harms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enterovirus, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5904-0791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Neumair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Kurreck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"BioNukleo GmbH, Ackerstrasse 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9597-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reimar","family":"Johne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 12277 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2773-486X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.-Thomas","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enterovirus, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1469-0052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Kurreck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, July 09). 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