{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:45Z","timestamp":1783468845405,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006454","name":"Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["714002188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["714002188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006454","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has emerged as a significant pathogen affecting global swine populations, yet its epidemiology and clinical implications remain incompletely understood. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence and histopathological features of PCV-3 infection in pigs from Switzerland, focusing on archival cases of suckling and weaner piglets presenting with suggestive lesions. An in-house qPCR assay was developed for detecting PCV-3 in frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, enhancing the national diagnostic capabilities. Histopathological reassessment identified PCV-3 systemic disease (PCV-3-SD) compatible lesions in 19 (6%) of archival cases, with 47% testing positive by qPCR across various organs. Notably, vascular lesions predominated, particularly in mesenteric arteries, heart, and kidneys. The study confirms the presence of PCV-3 in Switzerland since at least 2020, marking the first documented cases within the Swiss swine population. Despite challenges in in situ hybridization validation due to prolonged formalin fixation, the findings indicate viral systemic dissemination. These results contribute to the understanding of PCV-3 epidemiology in Swiss pigs, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and further research on its clinical implications and interaction with host factors. Our study underscores the utility and limitations of molecular techniques in confirming PCV-3 infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16091431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T03:04:18Z","timestamp":1725851058000},"page":"1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Retrospective Analyses of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 (PCV-3) in Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2302-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliana","family":"Rosato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5709-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace Makanaka","family":"Makoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7308-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c0lex","family":"Cobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Mixta d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 IRTA UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3867-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Sibila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Mixta d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 IRTA UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1539-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim","family":"Segal\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Mixta d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 IRTA UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria, Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8398-4708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Pr\u00e4hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frauke","family":"Seehusen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01879-16","article-title":"A Novel Porcine Circovirus Distantly Related to Known Circoviruses Is Associated with Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome and Reproductive Failure","volume":"91","author":"Palinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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