{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:54:23Z","timestamp":1790747663325,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"High-Level Talent Fund of Foshan University","award":["20210036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210036"]}]},{"name":"High-Level Talent Fund of Foshan University","award":["2023SDZG02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023SDZG02"]}]},{"name":"Open Competition Program of Top Ten Critical Priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province","award":["20210036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210036"]}]},{"name":"Open Competition Program of Top Ten Critical Priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province","award":["2023SDZG02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023SDZG02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Shrews (Soricidae) are common small wild mammals. Some species of shrews, such as Asian house shrews (Suncus murinus), have a significant overlap in their habitats with humans and domestic animals. Currently, over 190 species of viruses in 32 families, including Adenoviridae, Arenaviridae, Arteriviridae, Astroviridae, Anelloviridae, Bornaviridae, Caliciviridae, Chuviridae, Coronaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Hantaviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Hepeviridae, Nairoviridae, Nodaviridae, Orthoherpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Picornaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Poxviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Sedoreoviridae, Spinareoviridae, and three unclassified families, have been identified in shrews. Diverse shrew viruses, such as Borna disease virus 1, Langya virus, and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, cause diseases in humans and\/or domestic animals, posing significant threats to public health and animal health. This review compiled fundamental information about shrews and provided a comprehensive summary of the viruses that have been detected in shrews, with the aim of facilitating a deep understanding of shrews and the diversity, epidemiology, and risks of their viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16091441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T07:33:25Z","timestamp":1725953605000},"page":"1441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Viruses Identified in Shrews (Soricidae) and Their Biomedical Significance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Huan-Yu","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Mei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Long","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510230, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510230, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.15.2161","article-title":"Etruscan shrew muscle: The consequences of being small","volume":"205","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2024, July 20). Integrated Taxonomic Information System, Available online: https:\/\/www.itis.gov."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3703.1.6","article-title":"Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013)","volume":"3703","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.2307\/1376699","article-title":"Suncus murinus, a Recent Introduction to Guam","volume":"37","author":"Peterson","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1113\/JP282153","article-title":"Metabolic design in a mammalian model of extreme metabolism, the North American least shrew (Cryptotis parva)","volume":"600","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1017\/S1464793104006529","article-title":"Novelties of conception in insectivorous mammals (Lipotyphla), particularly shrews","volume":"79","author":"Bedford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalski, K., and Rychlik, L. (2021). Venom use in Eulipotyphlans: An evolutionary and ecological approach. Toxins, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13030231"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-04116-x","article-title":"Shrew\u2019s venom quickly causes circulation disorder, analgesia and hypokinesia","volume":"79","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"e4","article-title":"Evidence of echolocation in the common shrew from molecular convergence with other echolocating mammals","volume":"59","author":"Chai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zool. Stud."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2009.0378","article-title":"Why do shrews twitter? Communication or simple echo-based orientation","volume":"5","author":"Siemers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.029","article-title":"Host traits shape virome composition and virus transmission in wild small mammals","volume":"186","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bsheal.2020.07.004","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Wenzhou virus in China","volume":"2","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosaf. Health"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.11.026","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a novel arenavirus harbored by rodents and shrews in Zhejiang province, China","volume":"476","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.02.105","article-title":"Identification of potential novel hosts and the risk of infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in humans in Gabon, Central Africa","volume":"105","author":"Ushijima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-017-3973-z","article-title":"Detection and characterization of three zoonotic viruses in wild rodents and shrews from Shenzhen city, China","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1204.051418","article-title":"Shrews as reservoir hosts of borna disease virus","volume":"12","author":"Hilbe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J.T., Hu, Z.Y., Tang, F., Liu, Y.T., Tan, W.L., Ma, X.F., Zhang, Y.F., Si, G.Q., Zhang, L., and Zhang, M.Q. (2024). Decoding the RNA viromes in shrew lungs along the eastern coast of China. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes, 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00543-3"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(99)00242-7","article-title":"Identification of Ebola virus sequences present as RNA or DNA in organs of terrestrial small mammals of the Central African Republic","volume":"1","author":"Morvan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yashina, L.N., Abramov, S.A., Zhigalin, A.V., Smetannikova, N.A., Dupal, T.A., Krivopalov, A.V., Kikuchi, F., Senoo, K., Arai, S., and Mizutani, T. (2021). Geographic distribution and phylogeny of soricine shrew-borne Seewis virus and Altai virus in Russia. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071286"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1903","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Artybash virus in the Laxmann\u2019s shrew (Sorex caecutiens)","volume":"16","author":"Arai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.04.008","article-title":"Detection of shrew-borne hantavirus in Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) in Central Europe","volume":"19","author":"Radosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.08.016","article-title":"Complete genome sequence and molecular phylogeny of a newfound hantavirus harbored by the Doucet\u2019s musk shrew (Crocidura douceti) in Guinea","volume":"20","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, W.P., Lin, X.D., Wang, W., Tian, J.H., Cong, M.L., Zhang, H.L., Wang, M.R., Zhou, R.H., Wang, J.B., and Li, M.H. (2013). Phylogeny and origins of hantaviruses harbored by bats, insectivores, and rodents. PLoS Pathog., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003159"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2011.11.013","article-title":"Divergent ancestral lineages of newfound hantaviruses harbored by phylogenetically related crocidurine shrew species in Korea","volume":"424","author":"Arai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0159","article-title":"Novel hantavirus in the flat-skulled shrew (Sorex roboratus)","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.2056","article-title":"Detection of Imjin virus and Seoul virus in crocidurine shrews in Shandong province, China","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-4-114","article-title":"Seewis virus, a genetically distinct hantavirus in the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus)","volume":"4","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-012-0736-7","article-title":"Broad geographical distribution and high genetic diversity of shrew-borne Seewis hantavirus in Central Europe","volume":"45","author":"Schlegel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, H.J., Gu, S.H., Yashina, L.N., Cook, J.A., and Yanagihara, R. (2019). Highly divergent genetic variants of soricid-borne Altai virus (Hantaviridae) in Eurasia suggest ancient host-switching events. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090857"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.01.031","article-title":"Genetic variants of Cao Bang hantavirus in the Chinese mole shrew (Anourosorex squamipes) and Taiwanese mole shrew (Anourosorex yamashinai)","volume":"40","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.348","article-title":"Phylogenetically distinct hantaviruses in the masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) and dusky shrew (Sorex monticolus) in the United States","volume":"78","author":"Arai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1309.070484","article-title":"Hantavirus in northern short-tailed shrew, United States","volume":"13","author":"Arai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-160","article-title":"Boginia virus, a newfound hantavirus harbored by the Eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens) in Poland","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-373","article-title":"Molecular evolution of Azagny virus, a newfound hantavirus harbored by the West African pygmy shrew (Crocidura obscurior) in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"8","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.02.004","article-title":"A new hantavirus from the stripe-backed shrew (Sorex cylindricauda) in the People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"184","author":"Zuo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6184","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00371-09","article-title":"Characterization of Imjin virus, a newly isolated hantavirus from the Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura)","volume":"83","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1758","article-title":"Thottapalayam virus: A presumptive arbovirus isolated from a shrew in India","volume":"59","author":"Carey","year":"1971","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0034","article-title":"Short report: Genetic diversity of Thottapalayam virus, a Hantavirus harbored by the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) in Nepal","volume":"85","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7663","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00285-14","article-title":"Expanded host diversity and geographic distribution of hantaviruses in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"88","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"270","article-title":"Erve virus, a probable member of Bunyaviridae family isolated from shrews (Crocidura russula) in France","volume":"33","author":"Chastel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001796","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001796","article-title":"Identification of novel orthonairoviruses from rodents and shrews in Gabon, Central Africa","volume":"103","author":"Ozeki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0344","article-title":"Genomic characterization of Yogue, Kasokero, Issyk-Kul, Keterah, Gossas, and Thiafora viruses: Nairoviruses naturally infecting bats, shrews, and ticks","volume":"93","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2023.100529","article-title":"Cencurut virus: A novel Orthonairovirus from Asian house shrews (Suncus murinus) in Singapore","volume":"16","author":"Low","year":"2023","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.H., Kim, K., Kim, J., No, J.S., Park, K., Budhathoki, S., Lee, S.H., Lee, J., Cho, S.H., and Cho, S. (2021). Discovery and genetic characterization of novel paramyxoviruses related to the genus Henipavirus in Crocidura species in the republic of Korea. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13102020"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2202705","article-title":"A zoonotic henipavirus in febrile patients in China","volume":"387","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"veac061","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veac061","article-title":"The characterization of multiple novel paramyxoviruses highlights the diverse nature of the subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae","volume":"8","author":"Vanmechelen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virus Evol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vead065","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vead065","article-title":"Discovery and genome characterization of six new orthoparamyxoviruses in small Belgian mammals","volume":"9","author":"Horemans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virus Evol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104454","article-title":"Distribution and characteristics of Beilong virus among wild rodents and shrews in China","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2012.141013","article-title":"Prevalence of SFTSV among Asian house shrews and rodents, China, January\u2013August 2013","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.6.5.690-692.1970","article-title":"Two African viruses serologically and morphologically related to rabies virus","volume":"6","author":"Shope","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001891","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001891","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Arenaviridae 2023","volume":"104","author":"Radoshitzky","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001280","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Arenaviridae","volume":"100","author":"Radoshitzky","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001613","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001613","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bornaviridae","volume":"102","author":"Rubbenstroth","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2542-2547.1998","article-title":"Naturally occurring orthopoxviruses: Potential for recombination with vaccine vectors","volume":"36","author":"Sandvik","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nobach, D., Bourg, M., Herzog, S., Lange-Herbst, H., Encarna\u00e7\u00e3o, J.A., Eickmann, M., and Herden, C. (2015). Shedding of Infectious Borna Disease Virus-1 in Living Bicolored White-Toothed Shrews. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137018"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"001924","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Jingchuvirales 2023","volume":"104","author":"Kuhn","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001955","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001955","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Filoviridae 2024","volume":"105","author":"Biedenkopf","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19036","article-title":"Brief review on ebola virus disease and one health approach","volume":"9","author":"Hussein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001975","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001975","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hantaviridae 2024","volume":"105","author":"Bradfute","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1311.070492","article-title":"Newfound hantavirus in Chinese mole shrew, Vietnam","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"001974","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nairoviridae 2024","volume":"105","author":"Kuhn","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uribe, M., Rodr\u00edguez-Posada, M.E., and Ramirez-Nieto, G.C. (2022). Molecular Evidence of Orthomyxovirus Presence in Colombian Neotropical Bats. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.845546"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13515","article-title":"Control of avian influenza in China: Strategies and lessons","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001864","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001864","article-title":"Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: Kingdom Orthornavirae: Phylum Negarnaviricota)","volume":"104","author":"Kuhn","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-024-02417-8","article-title":"Discovery and characterization of novel jeilongviruses in wild rodents from Hubei, China","volume":"21","author":"Gan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001893","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001893","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Phenuiviridae 2023","volume":"104","author":"Sasaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1847037","article-title":"Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: A highly lethal bunyavirus","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001689","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001689","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Rhabdoviridae 2022","volume":"103","author":"Walker","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delmas, O., Holmes, E.C., Talbi, C., Larrous, F., Dacheux, L., Bouchier, C., and Bourhy, H. (2008). Genomic diversity and evolution of the lyssaviruses. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002057"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanmechelen, B., Vergote, V., Laenen, L., Koundouno, F.R., Bore, J.A., Wada, J., Kuhn, J.H., Carroll, M.W., and Maes, P. (2018). Expanding the arterivirus host spectrum: Olivier\u2019s shrew virus 1, a novel arterivirus discovered in African giant shrews. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29560-x"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.067686-0","article-title":"Detection of diverse novel astroviruses from small mammals in China","volume":"95","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7589\/2018-05-124","article-title":"Detection of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus GI.2\/RHDV2\/b in the Mediterranean pine vole ( Microtus duodecimcostatus) and White-Toothed Shrew ( Crocidura russula)","volume":"55","author":"Calvete","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsoleridis, T., Onianwa, O., Horncastle, E., Dayman, E., Zhu, M., Danjittrong, T., Wachtl, M., Behnke, J.M., Chapman, S., and Strong, V. (2016). Discovery of novel Alphacoronaviruses in European rodents and shrews. Viruses, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/v8030084"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000493796","article-title":"High herpesvirus diversity in wild rodent and shrew species in Central Africa","volume":"61","author":"Ntumvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Lu, L., Du, J., Yang, L., Ren, X., Liu, B., Jiang, J., Yang, J., Dong, J., and Sun, L. (2018). Comparative analysis of rodent and small mammal viromes to better understand the wildlife origin of emerging infectious diseases. Microbiome, 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0554-9"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"31","article-title":"The relationship between the tick-borne encephalitis virus and the ticks and mammals of the Tribec mountain range","volume":"36","author":"Nosek","year":"1967","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1834","article-title":"Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Diversity in Ixodid Ticks and Small Mammals in South-Western Siberia, Russia","volume":"16","author":"Bakhvalova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goethert, H.K., Mather, T.N., Johnson, R.W., and Telford, S.R. (2021). Incrimination of shrews as a reservoir for Powassan virus. Commun. Biol., 4.","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02828-1"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diagne, M.M., Ndione, M.H.D., Di Paola, N., Fall, G., Bedekelabou, A.P., Semb\u00e8ne, P.M., Faye, O., Zanotto, P.M.A., and Sall, A.A. (2019). Usutu virus isolated from rodents in Senegal. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11020181"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.19-0530","article-title":"PCR-based screening and phylogenetic analysis of rat pegivirus (RPgV) carried by rodents in China","volume":"82","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.130069","article-title":"Asian musk shrew as a reservoir of rat hepatitis E virus, China","volume":"19","author":"Guan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15190","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516992112","article-title":"Evolutionary origins of hepatitis A virus in small mammals","volume":"112","author":"Drexler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2542","article-title":"Geographical distribution of Ljungan virus in small mammals in Europe","volume":"20","author":"Fevola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001632","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001632","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Arteriviridae 2021","volume":"102","author":"Brinton","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14257","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14257","article-title":"Underrecognized cause diarrhea in solid organ transplant: A report of astroviridae enteritis in liver transplant","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, C., Hargest, V., Cortez, V., Meliopoulos, V.A., and Schultz-Cherry, S. (2017). Astrovirus Pathogenesis. Viruses, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/v9010022"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001332","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Caliciviridae","volume":"100","author":"Estes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001843","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001843","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Coronaviridae 2023","volume":"104","author":"Woo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-023-05835-1","article-title":"Renaming of the genus Flavivirus to Orthoflavivirus and extension of binomial species names within the family Flaviviridae","volume":"168","author":"Postler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000672","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Flaviviridae","volume":"98","author":"Simmonds","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-018-9435-7","article-title":"Novel Hepacivirus in Asian house shrew, China","volume":"62","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001778","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001778","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepeviridae 2022","volume":"103","author":"Purdy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001170","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nodaviridae","volume":"100","author":"Ninawe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000911","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Picornaviridae","volume":"98","author":"Zell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-016-1315-0","article-title":"Detection of novel adenoviruses in fecal specimens from rodents and shrews in southern China","volume":"52","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04323-9","article-title":"DNA of diverse adenoviruses detected in Cameroonian rodent and shrew species","volume":"164","author":"Diffo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.03.007","article-title":"Discovery of a highly divergent hepadnavirus in shrews from China","volume":"531","author":"Nie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000948","article-title":"Novel polyomaviruses in shrews (Soricidae) with close similarity to human polyomavirus 12","volume":"98","author":"Gedvilaite","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.070219-0","article-title":"Orthopoxvirus infection among wildlife in Zambia","volume":"96","author":"Orba","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"001721","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Adenoviridae 2022","volume":"103","author":"Aoki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001415","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepadnaviridae","volume":"101","author":"Magnius","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000839","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Polyomaviridae","volume":"98","author":"Moens","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001849","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001849","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Poxviridae 2023","volume":"104","author":"McInnes","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.01.017","article-title":"Detection and phylogenetic analysis of torque teno virus (TTV) carried by murine rodents and house shrews in China","volume":"516","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2107.141969","article-title":"Distinct Lineages of Bufavirus in Wild Shrews and Nonhuman Primates","volume":"21","author":"Sasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13011","article-title":"Detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine bocaviruses carried by murine rodents and house shrews in China","volume":"66","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000493799","article-title":"A molecular epidemiological investigation of carriage of the Adeno-Associated virus in murine rodents and house shrews in China","volume":"61","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-023-05903-6","article-title":"Anelloviridae taxonomy update 2023","volume":"168","author":"Varsani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001212","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Parvoviridae","volume":"100","author":"Cotmore","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.568","article-title":"Evidence of natural bluetongue virus infection among African carnivores","volume":"51","author":"Alexander","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.04.017","article-title":"Identification of novel and diverse rotaviruses in rodents and insectivores, and evidence of cross-species transmission into humans","volume":"494","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001186","article-title":"ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Picobirnaviridae","volume":"100","author":"Delmas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001782","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001782","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Sedoreoviridae 2022","volume":"103","author":"Matthijnssens","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001781","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001781","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Spinareoviridae 2022","volume":"103","author":"Matthijnssens","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mihara, T., Nishimura, Y., Shimizu, Y., Nishiyama, H., Yoshikawa, G., Uehara, H., Hingamp, P., Goto, S., and Ogata, H. (2016). Linking Virus Genomes with Host Taxonomy. Viruses, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/v8030066"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000068","article-title":"Establishing and maintaining an etruscan shrew colony","volume":"61","author":"Geyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/9\/1441\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:52:59Z","timestamp":1760111579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/16\/9\/1441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["v16091441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v16091441","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]}}}