{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T10:56:23Z","timestamp":1792925783796,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,22]],"date-time":"2024-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oropouche Virus (OROV; genus of Orthobunyavirus) is the causal agent of Oropouche Fever (OF). Due to the lack of specific signs and symptoms and the limited availability of diagnostic tests, the actual epidemiology of OROV infections and OF has been extensively disputed. In this systematic review with meta-analysis, a literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and MedRxiv in order to retrieve relevant articles on the documented occurrence of OROV infections. Pooled detection rates were then calculated for anti-OROV antibodies and virus detection (i.e., viral RNA detected by viral cultures and\/or real-time polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR]). Where available, detection rates for other arboviruses (i.e., Dengue [DENV], Chikungunya [CHKV], and Zika Virus [ZIKV]) were calculated and compared to those for OROV. A total of 47 studies from South America and the Caribbean were retrieved. In individuals affected by febrile illness during OROV outbreaks, a documented prevalence of 0.45% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.16 to 1.12) for virus isolation, 12.21% (95%CI 4.96 to 27.09) for seroprevalence (including both IgM and IgG class antibodies), and 12.45% (95%CI 3.28 to 37.39) for the detection of OROV-targeting IgM class antibodies were eventually documented. In the general population, seroprevalence was estimated to be 24.45% (95%CI 7.83 to 55.21) for IgG class antibodies. The OROV detection rate from the cerebrospinal fluids of suspected cases of viral encephalitis was estimated to be 2.40% (95%CI 1.17 to 5.03). The occurrence of OROV infections was consistently lower than that of DENV, CHKV, and ZIKV during outbreaks (Risk Ratio [RR] 24.82, 95%CI 21.12 to 29.16; RR 2.207, 95%CI 1.427 to 3.412; and RR 7.900, 95%CI 5.386 to 11.578, respectively) and in the general population (RR 23.614, 95%CI 20.584 to 27.129; RR 3.103, 95%CI 2.056 to 4.685; and RR 49.500, 95%CI 12.256 to 199.921, respectively). In conclusion, our study stresses the possibly high underestimation of OROV prevalence in the general population of South America, the potential global threat represented by this arbovirus infection, and the potential preventive role of a comprehensive \u201cOne Health approach\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16091498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T03:36:38Z","timestamp":1727062598000},"page":"1498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["(Re-)Emergence of Oropouche Virus (OROV) Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6525-2159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Ricc\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AUSL\u2013IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza Negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Corrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST Rhodense, Dipartimento della Donna e Area Materno-Infantile, UOC Pediatria, 20024 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0888-9521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Bottazzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, APSS Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Marchesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Gili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention, Turin Local Health Authority, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9659-0193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Paolo","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Prevention Department, Local Health Authority of Brindisi, 72100 Brindisi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela Maria","family":"Frisicale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ex Directorate General of Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3984-2614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Guicciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Directorate, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40124 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fiacchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AST Ancona, Prevention Department, UOC Sorveglianza e Prevenzione Malattie Infettive e Cronico Degenerative, 61100 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4194-0210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvio","family":"Tafuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1992-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, G D\u2019Alessandro, University of Palermo, AOUP P. Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale Gianluca","family":"Giuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Diagnostics, AUSL di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Siliquini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e439","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00740-5","article-title":"Emergence of Oropouche Fever in Latin America: A Narrative Review","volume":"24","author":"Wesselmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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