{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T19:22:03Z","timestamp":1773429723062,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic to Brazil, and there is still no specific treatment for these patients. The literature shows that few studies have described the cognitive impairment associated with an HTLV-1 infection, with none of them examining the population of Salvador, where there are approximately forty thousand people infected with the virus. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment among individuals with HTLV-1. In addition, investigate whether sociodemographic aspects, time since the diagnosis of infection, and the diagnosis of HTLV-Associated Myelopatia\/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) or depression are associated with cognitive impairment in this population. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study that consisted of consecutively approaching 100 HTLV-1 patients during outpatient care at a referral center followed by the administration of three questionnaires\u2014 the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Beck\u2019s Depression Inventory. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment found was 71% using the MMSE and 82% using the MoCA. There was a statistically significant association between the cognitive dysfunction and the variables of age and education according to the MoCA analysis but not the MMSE data. Diagnosis of HAM\/TSP was correlated with cognitive impairment using the MMSE but not the MoCA. The prevalence of depression was 20%, and there was no association between cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in these patients. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate a correlation between cognitive dysfunction and HTVL-1 infection, with a more evident involvement of executive functions and memory. Larger studies are needed to clarify the association between cognitive dysfunction, age, education, and the diagnosis of HAM\/TSP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16101569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T06:23:18Z","timestamp":1728282198000},"page":"1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cognitive Assessment in HTLV-1 Patients Followed Up at a Reference Center in Salvador, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1740-0449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Bordallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7072-749X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Monta\u00f1o-Castell\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3736-0002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliane","family":"Lins-Kusterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4673-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Brites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Diagnostic Support, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190343","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0343-2019","article-title":"Increasing awareness of human t-lymphotropic virus type-1 infection: A serious, invisible, and neglected health problem in Brazil","volume":"52","author":"Grassi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. 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