{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:30Z","timestamp":1787030130654,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Practical Research Project for Rare\/Intractable Diseases of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP22fk0108124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22fk0108124"]}]},{"name":"Practical Research Project for Rare\/Intractable Diseases of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP23ek0109529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23ek0109529"]}]},{"name":"Practical Research Project for Rare\/Intractable Diseases of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP24ek0109735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24ek0109735"]}]},{"name":"Practical Research Project for Rare\/Intractable Diseases of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["22FC1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22FC1013"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan","award":["JP22fk0108124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22fk0108124"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan","award":["JP23ek0109529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23ek0109529"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan","award":["JP24ek0109735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24ek0109735"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan","award":["22FC1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22FC1013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) antibody testing for HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM) remains unclear. Therefore, we measured the anti-HTLV-1 antibody levels in CSF using various test kits, evaluated the stability of CSF antibodies, and performed a correlation analysis using the particle agglutination (PA) method, as well as a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis between patients with HAM and carriers. The CSF anti-HTLV-1 antibody levels were influenced by freeze\u2013thaw cycles but remained stable when the CSF was refrigerated at 4 \u00b0C for up to 48 h. Measurements from 92 patients (69 patients with HAM and 23 carriers) demonstrated a strong correlation (r &gt; 0.9) with the PA method across all six quantifiable test kits. All six test kits, along with CSF neopterin and CXCL10, exhibited areas under the ROC curve greater than 0.9, indicating a high diagnostic performance for HAM. Among these, five test kits, Lumipulse and Lumipulse Presto HTLV-I\/II, HISCL-UD (a kit under development), HTLV-Abbott, and Elecsys HTLV-I\/II, established a cutoff with 100% sensitivity and maximum specificity, achieving a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity ranging from 43.5% to 56.5%. This cutoff value, in combination with clinical findings, will aid in the accurate diagnosis of HAM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16101581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T12:01:54Z","timestamp":1728388914000},"page":"1581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic Value of Anti-HTLV-1-Antibody Quantification in Cerebrospinal Fluid for HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tomoo","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Radioisotope Research, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Yagishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Horibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Kunitomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukino","family":"Nawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radioisotope Research, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Subaru Health Insurance Society Ota Memorial Hospital, Ota 373-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Yamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415","article-title":"Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"77","author":"Poiesz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. 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