{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:35Z","timestamp":1787030135938,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This retrospective study analysed the routine data obtained by multiplex real-time RT-qPCR methods for respiratory virus detection. A total of 4814 respiratory specimens collected during 1 September 2022\u201331 August 2023 were included in the study. A total of 38% of the specimens were positive for at least one target, with the incidence maximum (82%) for the small children (age group 0\u20134 years). The five dominant virus groups were rhinovirus (RV, 12%), influenza virus A (IAV, 7%), adenovirus (AdV, 6%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 5%), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, 5%). The specimens with multi-detections represented 19% of the positives, unevenly distributed (n = 225, 56, 43, 24) among the age groups 0\u20134, 5\u201314, 15\u201364, and 65&lt; years, respectively. The dominant virus groups in multi-positive specimens were RV (53%), AdV (43%), and bocavirus (BoV, 35%)\u2014in mutual pairs as well as all three together\u2014followed by RSV (21%), and IAV (15%). Our study focused on the specimens with codetections and provides an insight into the variety of the respiratory virus interactions in Latvia during the first year since pandemic-related social restriction measures were eased. The observations also emphasise the need to consider the differentiation between rhinoviruses and enteroviruses, especially for the youngest patients in the age group 0\u20134.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v16111650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T04:28:43Z","timestamp":1729657723000},"page":"1650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Circulation and Codetections of Influenza Virus, SARS-CoV-2, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, Bocavirus, and Other Respiratory Viruses During 2022\u20132023 Season in Latvia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8053-3525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inara","family":"Kampenusa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Reference Laboratory of Latvia, Laboratory \u201cLatvian Centre of Infectious Diseases\u201d Laboratory Service, Riga East University Hospital, Linezera Street 3, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baiba","family":"Niedre-Otomere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Reference Laboratory of Latvia, Laboratory \u201cLatvian Centre of Infectious Diseases\u201d Laboratory Service, Riga East University Hospital, Linezera Street 3, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julija","family":"Trofimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Reference Laboratory of Latvia, Laboratory \u201cLatvian Centre of Infectious Diseases\u201d Laboratory Service, Riga East University Hospital, Linezera Street 3, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8472-8178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilva","family":"Pole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Reference Laboratory of Latvia, Laboratory \u201cLatvian Centre of Infectious Diseases\u201d Laboratory Service, Riga East University Hospital, Linezera Street 3, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gatis","family":"Pakarna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Reference Laboratory of Latvia, Laboratory \u201cLatvian Centre of Infectious Diseases\u201d Laboratory Service, Riga East University Hospital, Linezera Street 3, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0047-3644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oksana","family":"Savicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Reference Laboratory of Latvia, Laboratory \u201cLatvian Centre of Infectious Diseases\u201d Laboratory Service, Riga East University Hospital, Linezera Street 3, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Infectology, Riga Stradins University, Riga East University Hospital, Linezera Street 3, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergejs","family":"Nikisins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Reference Laboratory of Latvia, Laboratory \u201cLatvian Centre of Infectious Diseases\u201d Laboratory Service, Riga East University Hospital, Linezera Street 3, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201569","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01569-2022","article-title":"New Perspectives on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Surveillance at the National Level: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"61","author":"Teirlinck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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